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3 protocols using procyanidin b2

1

Phytochemical Analysis of Lychee Cultivars

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Fresh ripe lychee (cv Guiwei and Nuomici) fruits at commercial maturity with a bright red pericarp were purchased from a local fruit market in Guangzhou, China.
Gallic acid, (−)-gallocatechin (GC), procyanidin B2, vanillic acid, lilac acid, procyanidin A2, ferulic acid, and rutin were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Quercetin-3-rutinose-7-rhamnoside was prepared using a method previously reported by this laboratory.6 (link) A ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) kit was purchased from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was purchased from Macklin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate, fluorescein disodium salt and 2′,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) were obtained from Xiya Reagent Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Trisodium citrate dihydrate and sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate were purchased from the Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). HPLC-grade methanol, acetic acid and acetonitrile were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA).
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2

Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Assays

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Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent, Na 2 CO 3 , formic acid, Al(NO 3 ) 3 , NaNO 2 , HCl, H 2 SO 4 , methanol, ethanol, and Trolox were obtained from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Works (Chengdu, China). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, >99.7%), 2,2 ′ -azino-bis(3ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+, >99.7%), Oil red O (ORO), p-ntrophenyl laurate (pNP laurate), and chromatographic-grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from American Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard compounds, including rutin, afzelin, astragalin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isoquercitrin, (+)-catechin, procyanidin B2, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose, simvastatin, orlistat, glycocholic acid, cholic acid, taurocholic acid, porcine pancreatic lipase, and tris-HCl buffer solution, were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Standard compounds, including procyanidin B1, procyanidin B4, and procyanidin C1, were purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, China).
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3

Hawthorn Cultivar Phytochemical Analysis

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Hawthorn cultivar (C. pinnatifida) Dajinxing were collected from Linfen, Shandxi Province, China. After harvesting, the seeds were removed and the fruits were dried and stored at −80 °C until the further experiment. Catechin, chlorogenic acid, procyanidin B2, pomolic acid, gallic acid, epiCatechin, quercetin, paracoumaric acid, caffeic acid, rutin, hyperoside and isoquercitrin were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (China). Methanol (HPLC grade) and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were from Merck (Germany). ATPase Assay Kit, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) assay kit and CAT Assay Kit were from Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (China). All other chemicals and reagent used in the experiments were of analytical grade. The standard solutions were prepared by dissolving standards in methanol.
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