The animals were deprived of food for 12 h before surgery, but allowed free access to water. All surgical interventions were performed under isoflurane anaesthesia using an aseptic technique. The detailed technique of BS in rats has been described elsewhere80 (link),81 . In SG, a midline laparotomy was performed and approximately 70% of the stomach was removed, including most of the fundal portion. RYGB included surgical exclusion of the major part of the stomach and the proximal small intestine. In IT, a 10-cm ileal segment was translocated to the proximal jejunum. The stomach and intestines were sutured using a polypropylene (Prolene 6–0; Ethicon, USA) hand-sewn suture. In sham-operated animals, only midline laparotomy was performed. The abdominal wound was closed in layers using a continuous atraumatic suture (Prolene 6–0, Ethicon). Immediately after wound closure, the animals were rehydrated through the subcutaneous administration of 8–10 mL sterile 0.9% saline and placed in a thermostatic recovery chamber (37 °C). Upon resuming oral nutrition, all animals were fed a liquid diet for 3 days and a standard diet thereafter.
6 0 prolene
Manufactured by Johnson & Johnson
Sourced in United States, Germany
The 6-0 Prolene is a type of suture material manufactured by Johnson & Johnson. It is a synthetic, non-absorbable suture made of polypropylene. The 6-0 Prolene suture is characterized by its small diameter and is commonly used in delicate surgical procedures where precise tissue approximation is required.
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Lab products found in correlation
Stereotaxic frame, by Stoelting (1 mentions)
Vicryl 6, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Tcat 2lv controller, by Physitemp (1 mentions)
Baytril, by Bayer (1 mentions)
4 0 vicryl, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Nylon 4 0, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Opsite, by Smith & Nephew (1 mentions)
Earle s salt, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Antibiotic antimycotic, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Pentobarbital, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3.0 prolene, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
5 0 prolene, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Moorldi2 ir, by Moor Instruments (1 mentions)
Matrigel, by Corning (1 mentions)
Isoflurane, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Male sprague dawley rats, by Japan SLC (1 mentions)
Swiss nu nu, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions)
4 0 prolene, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Isoflurane, by Zoetis (1 mentions)
38 protocols using 6 0 prolene
1
Surgical Procedures for Metabolic Research
2
Subcutaneous Collagen Implantation in Rats
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The surgical procedure was performed in the experimental phase. For the surgery, the experimental animals were anesthetized with a combination of ketamine [90 mg/kg] and xylazine [10 mg/kg] by intraperitoneal injection, according to the guidelines for rat anesthesia. The anesthetized animals were then shaved and disinfected in the upper dorsal region, and a transverse incision was made below the scapula region with a scalpel. A subcutaneous pocket in the connective tissue was then prepared bluntly into which the collagen membrane pieces were inserted after an incubation in saline for 10 min. Finally, the incision was closed with a standard suture material (Prolene 6.0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). During the tapering of the anesthesia, the animals were kept warm on a heating plate (control plate HT 400 W1 with heating plate, Minitube GmbH, Tiefenbach, Germany). The animals were afterwards each placed in a macrolon cage until the first indication of awakening.
3
Endometriosis Model in Rat Subjects
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The endometriosis model was established as previously described elsewhere [10 (link)–12 (link), 18 (link)]. In brief, 20 female rats were opened at the abdomen through a 3 cm midline incision to expose the uterus. One uterine horn was ligated at both the uterotubal junction and the cervical end and was removed. The segment was placed in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C and split longitudinally, and 5 × 5 mm pieces were sectioned. These explants were then anchored onto the peritoneum on the right side of the ventral abdominal wall by nonabsorbable polypropylene sutures (Prolene 6-0, Ethicon, Piscataway, NJ). The abdomen was closed and the animals were allowed to recover from anesthesia. After 15 days, the bevacizumab labeled with 99mTc was administered intraocularly, and the animals were euthanized to collect the endometriotic lesions, blood, and the other organs (spleen, heart, kidney, lung, stomach, brain, liver, and intestine).
All experiments were conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines from the Institutional Animal Care Committee (CEUA) in Universidade Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, protocol code: CEUA-UEZO.009/14.
All experiments were conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines from the Institutional Animal Care Committee (CEUA) in Universidade Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, protocol code: CEUA-UEZO.009/14.
4
Automated Kidney Biopsy Apparatus
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The conceptual project design was executed by SolidWorks construction software (student version 2011). We combined the working principles of a biopsy punch and a cutting sling to minimize kidney damage during the biopsy process. Main parts of the biopsy apparatus are the helve and the sleight that interact by a slot and key linkage (Fig. 2 A ). The helve bears a metal mount for exchangeable 4 mm core biopsy blades that were obtained from 4 mm skin biopsy punches (pfm medical ag, Cologne, Germany). The biopsy blades are made of stainless steel and can be used up to fifty times without a detectable loss of sharpness. The sleight carries a moveable ring on its corpus and a needle (0.75 mm diameter, stainless steel) at its top. Surgical suture material (Prolene 6–0, ETHICON, Norderstedt, Germany) served as cutting filament for cropping of the biopsy core. The helve, the sleight and the ring were formed by fused deposition modeling with a FDM Vantage S machine (Stratasys, Eden Prairie, USA) from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) which is thermal stable from 85 to 100°C. Therefore the apparatus is not suitable for autoclaving. We use an aldehyde based chemical disinfection solution (gigasept FF, Schuelke & Mayr, Norderstedt, Germany) for cleaning of the apparatus after each use.
5
Subcutaneous Implantation of Bone Substitute
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The subcutaneous implantation was conducted after a standardized and published protocol.[10 (link)13 (link)14 (link)15 (link)21 (link)] Briefly, after intraperitoneal anesthesia with 10 ml of ketamine (50 mg/ml) in combination with 1.6 ml of 2% xylazine, 60 mg of the bone substitute material were implanted under sterile conditions. An incision was made in the rostral area of the interscapular region and the biomaterial incorporated under the skin in the prepared pocket. Wound adaption was obtained by stitching with Prolene 6.0 (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA).
6
Measuring Anastomotic Strength via Bursting Pressure
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Anastomotic strength was assessed by measuring the bursting pressure (Supplementary Figure S2 ), based on previously described methods [22 (link),23 (link)]. In short, a 4 cm segment of the colon including the anastomosis was resected en bloc, without removal of adherend adhesions to prevent iatrogenic damage. A plastic tube was inserted in the proximal end and ligated with polypropylene 6-0 suture (Prolene 6-0, Ethicon, Inc., Johnson & Johnson). The part distal of the anastomosis was clamped. The resected colon segment was immersed in water, while air was infused using a balloon connected to a manometer (Digitron, part of Rototherm Group). The pressure (mBar) was manually increased by pumping up the balloon and inflating the colon. Bursting pressure was defined as the intraluminal pressure at which air leakage was initially observed from the anastomosis.
7
Characterization of Amnion-SIS Construct
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To analyze the properties of the amnion-residing cells in the construct with SIS (amnion-SIS), 2 × 2 cm2 pieces of amnion were placed on dry 4-layer SIS (Biodesign® Tissue Graft, Cook Biotech Incorporated, IN, USA) and let adhered for 5 minutes. To increase the contact, the amnion was sutured onto the SIS matrix (Prolene 6-0, Ethicon Inc., NJ, USA) (Table 1 ), and the construct was kept in culture for up to 21 days in DMEM-EC medium. At days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 amnion-SIS pieces were washed twice and transferred to 4% PFA (Solveco AB) for fixation and thereafter paraffin embedded and sectioned. The sections were stained with HTX/eosin (HistoLab Products AB) for morphology or pan-cytokeratin (PCK, epithelium 1 : 500, Dako), CD31 (endothel, 1 : 500, Dako), and CD73 (common stromal marker, 1 : 500, Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom) for surface epitope expression, and Ki67 (1 : 500, Life Technologies) and activated caspase 3 (1 : 200, Invitrogen) as above. Stained sections of amnion without SIS cultured in DMEM-EC served as a control.
8
Cortical Perfusion Imaging for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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We used a laser perfusion imager (MoorFLPI-2-blood flow imager, Cologne, Germany) to visualize cerebral cortical perfusion of the whole convexity through the intact calvaria before induction of SAH and after 15 min, 3, 24, and 72 h. The animal’s skull was immobilized in a stereotaxic frame (Stoelting CO., IL, USA). A midline incision was made to expose the calvaria. Perfusion images and corresponding photographs were acquired every second for 60 s. After these measurements, the skin was closed using prolene 6.0 (Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). Figure 1 illustrates the experimental setting.![]()
Determination of cerebral cortical perfusion.
9
Canthopexy for Thin Lower Eyelid Skin
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Generally, the patients included in this category underwent lower blepharoplasty and had thin lower lid skin. Canthopexy was performed as a preventive procedure for potential ectropion.
We performed routine lower eyelid blepharoplasty procedures and additional canthopexy procedures with orbicularis oculi muscle suspension. Doing so had several important advantages in addition to the main preventive effect of canthopexy. A significant rejuvenating effect was obtained by augmenting the pretarsal area and by tightening bulging of the orbital septum. After the subciliary incision was made, we split the orbicularis muscle 7 mm inferior to the subciliary margin in order to preserve pretarsal muscle function. Modulation of the orbital septum and fat was performed if needed. The anchor site of the orbicularis oculi muscle was identified and bluntly dissected to the lateral orbital rim. The lateral edge of the preseptal orbicularis muscle was suspended to the periosteum of the anchoring point with Vicryl 5-0 or 6-0 (Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA) with appropriate tension by a horizontal mattress suture.
In patients with excessive skin, the remaining skin was resected after redraping. The incision sites were closed with subcutaneous Vicryl 6-0 and Prolene 6-0 (Ethicon, Inc.) skin sutures.
We performed routine lower eyelid blepharoplasty procedures and additional canthopexy procedures with orbicularis oculi muscle suspension. Doing so had several important advantages in addition to the main preventive effect of canthopexy. A significant rejuvenating effect was obtained by augmenting the pretarsal area and by tightening bulging of the orbital septum. After the subciliary incision was made, we split the orbicularis muscle 7 mm inferior to the subciliary margin in order to preserve pretarsal muscle function. Modulation of the orbital septum and fat was performed if needed. The anchor site of the orbicularis oculi muscle was identified and bluntly dissected to the lateral orbital rim. The lateral edge of the preseptal orbicularis muscle was suspended to the periosteum of the anchoring point with Vicryl 5-0 or 6-0 (Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA) with appropriate tension by a horizontal mattress suture.
In patients with excessive skin, the remaining skin was resected after redraping. The incision sites were closed with subcutaneous Vicryl 6-0 and Prolene 6-0 (Ethicon, Inc.) skin sutures.
10
Hepatectomy Protocol for Observational Study
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For the implementation of anesthesia, isoflurane (3.0%-4.0%) in combination with oxygen (0.5 L/min) was used. After laparotomy, the main bile duct was separated and double ligated (Prolene 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) at the liver hilum with secure protection of the pancreatic duct.
After the observation period (1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 wk), the animals were harvested through blood collection (inferior caval vein), hepatectomy and subsequent exsanguination under anesthesia.
After the observation period (1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 wk), the animals were harvested through blood collection (inferior caval vein), hepatectomy and subsequent exsanguination under anesthesia.
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