Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide tmtd

The used polymer in this study was acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) with 33% acrylonitrile content and having Mooney viscosity of ML (1 + 4) at 100 °C and a specific gravity of about 0.98 approximately that was supplied from Kumho PolyCHEM. An industrial grade fumed silica nanoparticles (SNPs, 60.08 g/mol) were supplied from a local company. Absolute ethanol (46.07 g/mol, 99.98%, Merck Millipore, Iran), and ammonium hydroxide (35.04 g/mol, 28–30 wt% solutions of NH₃ in water, Merck Millipore, Iran) were used for hydrolysis of silane molecules. Moreover, Triethoxyvinylsilane (190.31 g/mol, VTES, 97%, Sigma-Aldrich) was used for surface modification of SNPs. GA-120 (aromatic petroleum resin is a low molecular weight) as plasticizer was supplied from Rhine Tejarat Co (Iran). Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) (240.44 g/mol, 97%, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide (CBS) (264.409 g/mol, 99%, China) were used as curing accelerators in rubber compound. the used sulfur (S_x, 32.065 g/mol), Carbon black (N660, 12.011 g/mol), zinc oxide (ZnO, 81.38 g/mol), stearic acid (SA, 284.48 g/mol), Paraffin wax (PW, 436.84 g/mol), dioctyl phthalate (DOP, 390.55 gr/mol), Calcium carbonate (CaCo₃, 100.08 g/mol), toluene (92.14 g/mol), acetone (58.08 g/mol) were industrial grade and supplied from local companies and used as received.

EPDM rubber (KEP330) was purchased from KUMHO Polychem., Daejeon, Korea. Slide-ring material (SH2400P) was procured from Advanced Soft Materials Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Reagent grade -zinc oxide (>99.0% assay) and stearic acid were obtained from Daejung Chem., Seoul, Korea. Sulfur (99.5%) of 325 mesh size was supplied by Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Daejeon, Korea. Other compounding ingredients, such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Seoul, Korea and used as received.