Tricetin

Cyclophosphamide was purchased from Baxter Oncology GmbH (Batch No. 5J078A, Halle, Germany). Guinea pig serum was purchased from Beijing Bersee Bio Co., Ltd. Mouse IL-18 ELISA kit was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, USA). RPMI 1640 medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Cytotoxicity Detection Kit was purchased from TaKaRa (Otsu, Japan). LC/MS grade formic acid and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ). HPLC grade water was prepared from distilled water using a Milli-Q system (Millipore Laboratory, Bedford, MA). Rutin, quercetin, tricetin, myricitrin, kaempferol, myricetin, apigenin, and luteolin reference standards were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO).

Tricetin was purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). An 80-mM stock solution of Tricetin was made in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and stored at −20 °C. The final concentration of DMSO for all treatments was <0.5%. 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), z-IETD-FMK (a caspase-8 inhibitor), zLEHD-FMK (a caspase-9 inhibitor), and a general inhibitor of caspases (zVAD-FMK) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Antibodies against poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), phosphorylated (p)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), JNK1/2, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, caspase-9, caspase-3, and caspase-8 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Anti-p-p38, p38, and β-actin antibodies were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA).