Tyrosol (TY) 1 , hydroxytyrosol (HT) 2 and oleuropein (OL) 4 were purchased from Carbosynth (Compton, UK). 2-Vinylpyridine (2VP) 5 , 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) 6 , 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (1V2P) 7 , 1-vinylimidazole (IMID) 8 , 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (OXO) 9 , N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) 10 , N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) 11 , 1,4-divinylbenzene (DVB) 12 , fluoresceine-O-acrylate and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy). Fluorescent monomer 13 was synthetized according to the literature [8 (link)]. AIBN was recrystallized according to the literature [18 (link)].
2 vinylpyridine 2 vp
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
2-Vinylpyridine (2-VP) is a colorless liquid chemical compound. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of various organic compounds and materials.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate edgma, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Azobisisobutyrontrile aibn, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Triethylamine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
5 sulfo salicylic acid dehydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
1 vinylimidazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 azobisisobutyronitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 4 divinylbenzene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 vinyl 2 pyrrolidinone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 vinylpyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N isopropylacrylamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N n methylenebisacrylamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ciprofloxacin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphoric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pmdeta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Li2o2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Copper 1 bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using 2 vinylpyridine 2 vp
1
Synthesis of Fluorescent Polymeric Nanoparticles
2
Ciprofloxacin Extraction and Quantification
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Ciprofloxacin 98.0%, methacrylic acid (MAA) 99%, 2-vinylpyridine (2-VP) 97%, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDGMA) 98%, and azobisisobutyrontrile (AIBN) 12% wt in acetone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Acetonitrile, methanol, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and triethylamine with HPLC grade were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, HL, Germany. The standard stock of CIP (500 mg L−1) was prepared in methanol/acetic acid (9:1, v/v), and the working solutions were diluted from the stock solution with deionized water. The standard solutions were stored at 4 °C to be stable for one week. The phosphoric acid solution 0.05% (pH 3) was prepared by adding 3.0 mL of phosphoric acid 85% to 1000 mL of pure water and adjusting the pH to 3.0 by triethylamine.
3
Synthesis of Functional Polymers
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2-Vinylpyridine
(2VP, Sigma-Aldrich, 97%)
was dried overnight over CaH2 and distilled under reduced
pressure. 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN, Fluka,
98+%) was recrystallized twice from methanol, whereas copper(I) bromide
(Sigma-Aldrich, 98%) was stirred for 1 h in glacial acetic acid and
then filtered and washed with ethanol and diethyl ether before drying
under vacuum. The chain transfer agent, 2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropionic
acid 3-azido-1-propanol ester (DDMAT-azide), was prepared according
to the literature procedure.37 (link) The alkyne-terminated
initiator, 4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)benzoyl peroxide, was
prepared following a previous literature method.38 (link) Vinylidene fluoride (VDF, Synquest Laboratories, 98%),
trifluoroethylene (TrFE, Synquest Laboratories, 98%), oxalyl chloride
(Acros, 98%), 4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)benzoic acid
(Sigma-Aldrich), lithium peroxide (Li2O2, Acros,
95%), 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA, Acros,
99+%), 3-bromo-1-propanol (Acros, 97%), sodium azide (Sigma-Aldrich,
>99.5%), N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF, Acros Organics, anhydrous, 99.8%), and dichloromethane (DCM,
Acros Organics, anhydrous, ≥99.8%) were used as received. All
other solvents were analytical grade.
(2VP, Sigma-Aldrich, 97%)
was dried overnight over CaH2 and distilled under reduced
pressure. 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN, Fluka,
98+%) was recrystallized twice from methanol, whereas copper(I) bromide
(Sigma-Aldrich, 98%) was stirred for 1 h in glacial acetic acid and
then filtered and washed with ethanol and diethyl ether before drying
under vacuum. The chain transfer agent, 2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropionic
acid 3-azido-1-propanol ester (DDMAT-azide), was prepared according
to the literature procedure.37 (link) The alkyne-terminated
initiator, 4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)benzoyl peroxide, was
prepared following a previous literature method.38 (link) Vinylidene fluoride (VDF, Synquest Laboratories, 98%),
trifluoroethylene (TrFE, Synquest Laboratories, 98%), oxalyl chloride
(Acros, 98%), 4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)benzoic acid
(Sigma-Aldrich), lithium peroxide (Li2O2, Acros,
95%), 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA, Acros,
99+%), 3-bromo-1-propanol (Acros, 97%), sodium azide (Sigma-Aldrich,
>99.5%), N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF, Acros Organics, anhydrous, 99.8%), and dichloromethane (DCM,
Acros Organics, anhydrous, ≥99.8%) were used as received. All
other solvents were analytical grade.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Ciprofloxacin-Imprinted Polymers
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Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP.HCl, 95%) was obtained from Zhejiang Guoabang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China. Methacrylic acid (MAA, 99%), 2-vinylpyridine (2-VP, 97%), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDGMA, 98%), and azobisisobutyrontrile (AIBN) 12% wt in acetone, and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene), 200–400 mesh particle size, 2% cross-linked (PSD) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Acetonitrile, methanol, acetic acid, formic acid, and triethylamine with HPLC grade were purchased from Merck, USA. The standard stock of CIP (500 mg L−1) was prepared in deionized water, and the working solutions were diluted from the stock solution with deionized water. The standard solutions were stored at 4 °C to be stable for one month. All chemical reagents were used as received without further treatment.
5
Colorimetric Assay for Intracellular GSH and GSSG
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GSH and GSSG intracellular contents were detected by using a colourimetric assay (ThermoFisher Scientific—Life Technologies Corp, Carlsband, CA, USA). The analyses were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions after treatments with azoles at 3 h of incubation; in brief, cell lysates were prepared in ice-cold 5% 5-sulfo-salicylic acid dehydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and subsequently resuspended in the supplied diluent before adding them into a 96-well microplate. After promptly adding substrate, the reaction with the free thiol group of GSH initiates, producing a highly coloured product. The relative absorbance was detected at 405 nm. Assays were performed at least in triplicate for the GSH and the GSSG content detection. To determine oxidised glutathione content, 2-vinylpyridine (2-VP) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added to block free GSH or other thiols contained in each sample; the specific concentration of the GSSG was determined by performing a 2-VP-treated samples standard curve.
6
Intracellular GSH and GSSG Quantification
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The intracellular contents of GSH and GSSG were detected with a colorimetric assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Life Technologies Corp, Carlsbad, CA, USA). After 3 h of incubation with azoles, the analyses were performed on cell lysates in line with the manufacturer’s instruction; in brief, cell lysates were added into a 96-well microplate (Corning Inc., New York, NY, USA), earlier prepared in an ice-cold 5% solution of 5-sulfo-salicylic acid dehydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and subsequently diluted in the supplied buffer. Once the specific substrate had been added, the reaction started producing a colored product whose absorbance was detected at 405 nm by the Infinite M Plex, multimode (TECAN, Salzburg, Austria, Europe). The analyses were replicated at least three times per assay. 2-vinylpyridine (2-VP) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to block free thiols and GSH, when the content of GSSG (the oxidized form of GSH) was analyzed; the GSSG content was then determined by comparing a 2-VP standard curve.
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