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17 protocols using fei tecnai f20

1

Visualizing Phages via Electron Microscopy

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For negative staining electron microscopy, phage samples were absorbed onto a glow-discharged, 400-mesh, carbon-coated copper grid. After 1 min, excess sample was blotted away and remaining phages were stained with 1% uranyl acetate water solution for 1 min. Micrographs were acquired on a FEI Tecnai F20 electron microscope (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) operated at 200 kV with magnifications ranging from 50,000× to 100,000×. Images were collected using a 4 k × 4 k FEI Eagle CCD camera. Transmission electron microscope magnification was calibrated using a crossed-line grating replica (Electron Microscopy Sciences. Hatfield, PA, USA).
For cryo-electron microscopy, four 4 μL aliquots were applied onto glow-discharged Quantifoil grids with hole size of 2 μm (Quantifoil Micro Tools, Großlobichau, Germany) and subsequently blotted for 3 s before plunging into liquid ethane using an FEI Vitrobot Mark IV (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). Images were collected on a FEI Tecnai F20 (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) operated at 200 kV and using a 4 k × 4 k FEI Eagle CCD camera at a total electron dose of 20 electrons/Å2 and a range of defocus between −2 and −4 μm. Micrographs were acquired at magnifications ranging from 50,000× to 100,000×.
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2

Cryo-TEM Vitrification of DhmeA

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The full‐length DhmeA (3.5 μL, 0.035 mg/mL) was applied to freshly glow‐discharged (Quorum, SC7620 Sputter Coater) TEM grids (Quantifoil, Cu, 200 mesh, R2/1) and vitrified in liquid ethane using a Vitrobot mark IV (Thermo Scientific) with single blotting, 15 s wait time, −2 blot force, 4.5 s blot time and no drain time. Grids were subsequently mounted into Autogrid cartridges and loaded to the FEI Tecnai F20 and Titan Krios (Thermo Fisher Scientific) transmission electron microscopes for screening and data acquisition, respectively.
Two datasets with the sample tilt of 0° and 44°, respectively, were collected for the data analysis using the Titan Krios microscope. The experimental details of the data acquisition are summarized in Table S4.
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3

Visualizing RAD51 Filament Formation

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RAD51 filament formation in the presence or absence of RADX was assessed as follows. The initial reaction contained RAD51 (4 μM), ATP/AMP-PNP (4 μM), dT72 ssDNA (6 μM) in reaction buffer of 25 mM HEPES, 25 mM KCl, 4 mM MgCl2 (pH7.5). This reaction mix was incubated at 37 °C for 45 minutes. An initial aliquot (time-point 0) was taken to estimate the filament formation, the sample was split and RADX (40 nM) was added to one aliquot. The reaction was then allowed to proceed for 15 min at 37 °C, at which point aliquots were taken from both reactions. The samples were quenched with 5mM EDTA and fixed on grids for negative stain electron microscopy. Samples were applied to glow-discharged continuous carbon coated grids, and negatively stained using 2% uranyl acetate. All grids were screened and imaged on a ThermoFisher FEI Morgagni microscope operating at 100kV with an AMT 1k × 1k CCD camera. The grids used to quantitate the filament formation were further imaged on a ThermoFisher FEI Tecnai F20 operating at 200 kV with a 4k × 4k CCD camera. Randomized and spatially distanced areas on each of these grids (with and without RADX) were imaged. Data processing and analysis was done using the Scipion suite of software (de la Rosa-Trevin et al., 2016 (link)).
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4

Electron Microscopy of Fly Receptors

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The serial sections (250 nm) were prepared using a Leica Ultracut UCT or Leica EM UC7 microtome and collected on Formvar-coated copper slot grids. For haltere receptors, cross-sections were collected to facilitate data after processing, e.g., microtubule tracing and alignment. For leg receptors, we collected consecutive lateral sections in most cases because the exoskeleton of fly legs often separated from the embedding resin, and the cross-sections, usually with a small tissue area, had a large chance of getting lost or distorted. Post-staining was performed with 2% uranyl acetate in 70% methanol, followed by 0.4% lead citrate (EMS; 17900). 15-nm gold nanoparticles (BBI Solutions; EMGC15) were added to both sides of the sections as the fiducial markers. The dual-axis tilt series ranging from −60° to 60° were acquired using a FEI Tecnai F30 or FEI Tecnai F20 electron microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific; formerly FEI). An FEI Tecnai F30 electron microscope was equipped with an Axial Gatan US1000 CCD camera and controlled with SerialEM automated acquisition software (Mastronarde, 2005 (link)). An FEI Tecnai F20 electron microscope was equipped with a Gatan US4000 (895) CCD camera and controlled with FEI Xplore 3D TEM tomography software.
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5

EV Purification and Negative Stain TEM

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First, EV suspensions were purified using SEC to eliminate protein background. Then, they were adsorbed on active-carbon coated grids for 10 min, washed and fixed for 15 min in a 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.2% glutaraldehyde solution. Grids were briefly rinsed with water and immediately transferred to drops of uranyl methyl cellulose pH 4.0 on a cooled metal plate for 5 min, picked up and dried at room temperature. Finally, grids were introduced in a FEI Tecnai™ F20 (ThermoFisher, USA) TEM for imaging.
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6

Structural Characterization of Perovskite NCs

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Powder XRD patterns were recorded using a XRD Bruker D8 Advance with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å). The sizes of the NCs were determined by using a Tecnai transmission electron microscope (TEM, model FEI Tecnai F20), samples were dropcasted on carbon-coated copper grid. SEM images of the perovskite film were taken by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) JEOL JSM-7600F.
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7

Cryo-EM Imaging of PhnG2H2I2J2K

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PhnG2H2I2J2K was diluted to 0.1 mg/mL with the dilution buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 8.5, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM TCEP). 3 μL of the sample was applied to a C-Flat 1.2/1.3 holey carbon grid at 16°C with 100% relative humidity and vitrified using a Vitrobot Mark III (FEI company, Netherlands). The thin-ice areas that were expected to show clearly visible and mono-dispersed particles were imaged under an FEI Tecnai F20 cryo electron microscope with a field emission gun (FEI company, Netherlands) operated at 200 kV. Data were recorded on a Gatan K2 Summit electron-counting direct detection camera (Gatan, Pleasanton CA) in the electron counting mode (Li et al., 2013 (link)). A nominal magnification of 25,000X was used, yielding a pixel size of 1.5 Å. The beam intensity was adjusted to a dose rate of ~10 electrons per pixel per second on the camera. A 25-frame or 50-frame movie stack was recorded for each picture, with 0.2 second per frame for a total exposure time of 5 seconds or 10 seconds, respectively.
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8

Cryo-TEM Imaging of Aqueous K2 Nanoparticles

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Cryo-TEM was performed using an FEI Tecnai F20 (FEI Company, Hillsboro, Oregon) equipped with a K2 summit camera (Gatan Inc, Pleasanton, CA). 3 wt% K2 in Milli-Q water was diluted in Milli-Q water to a final concentration of 0.1 wt% and added to glow discharged Quantifoil CUR 1.2/1.3 400 mesh grids (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA). Samples were then frozen using a Vitrobot Mark IV Plunge System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) and loaded into a 626 Single tilt liquid nitrogen cryo-transfer holder (Gatan Inc, Pleasanton, CA). Cryo-transmission electron micrographs were captured at 200 kV. Brightness and contrast have been consistently modified to aid in visualization.
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9

Cryo-electron Microscopy of MS2 Virus

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The RNA virus, MS2 particles were imaged under an FEI Tecnai F20 cryo-electron microscope with a field emission gun (Thermo Fisher Scientific) operated at 200 kV. Data was collected on a K2 Summit direct detection camera (Gatan) in the super-resolution mode. A nominal magnification of ×29,000 was used, yielding a sub-pixel size of 0.625 Å. A 33-frame movie stack was recorded for each exposure, with a dose rate of 8 e/pixel/s on the camera and 0.2 sec per frame for a total exposure time of 6.6 sec.
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10

Characterization of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

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The cerium oxide nanopowders (nCeO2) with an average particle size of 25 nm and 50 nm respectively were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). nCeO2 have a density of 7.13 g mL−1 at 25 °C and 99.95% of purity (81.25% of Ce). The suspensions were characterized for hydrodynamic diameter (Hd), Z–average size, relative polydispersity index (PDI), and ζ–potentials. The size and average shape were measured with a transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI Tecnai F20, FEI Company, Eindhoven, The Netherlands). The nCeO2 were suspended in deionized water and sonicated in a water bath for 60 min with a sonication intensity of 180 W cm−2. The hydrodynamic diameter (Hd) and the Z–average size on nCeO2 were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) on a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Ltd., Worcestershire, UK). ζ–potentials were quantified by laser Doppler velocimetry as the electrophoretic mobility, using a disposable electrophoretic cell (DTS1061, Malvern Ltd., Worcestershire, UK).
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