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5 protocols using 5 50 dithio bis 2 nitrobenzoic acid dtnb

1

Colorimetric Assay for Colon Glutathione

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Colon samples were homogenized in a solution containing 0.25 M sucrose, 20 mM Tris, and 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and centrifuged at 15.000 g for 30 min at 4 8C. The supernatants were incubated in 0.1 M CaCl 2 , 0.25 M sucrose, 20 mM Tris, and 1 mM DTT at 0 8C for 30 min and then centrifuged at 21.450 g for 60 min at 4 8C. The cytosolic fraction was used for further analyses. A diluent buffer containing 125 mM Na phosphate and 6.0 mM EDTA was used for diluting stock solutions of glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase, 5,5 0 dithio-bis-2nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), and b-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (b-NADPH).
All reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 40 mL of blank, standard, or colon sample and an equal volume of DTNB stock solution, then b-NADPH (140 mL) were added to each well. After 5 min incubation at 25 8C, 10 mL glutathione reductase was added to each well to initiate the reaction. After 10 minutes the absorbance was measured at 405 nm in a microplate reader. Results are expressed as nmol/mg protein.
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2

Characterization of Quantum Yields

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All chemicals used were of analytical grade or of the highest purity available and employed as received: Cd(ClO 4 ) 2 Á6H 2 O (Alfa Aesar), Al 2 Te 3 (Cerac Inc.), NaOH (Aldrich), NaOD (Merck), H 2 SO 4 (Aldrich), DCl (Aldrich), HCl (Aldrich), D 2 O (Aldrich), TGA (Merck), and MPA (Aldrich). All aqueous solutions were prepared with Milli-Q water (Millipore). The QY standard Nile Red (batch number 333298/1 1196) was obtained from Lambda Physik. Ethanol employed for dissolving of the QY standard was of spectroscopic grade and purchased from Aldrich. For the Ellman's test, 5,5 0 -dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB, Ellman's reagent) (Aldrich), NaH 2 PO 4 (Aldrich), Na 2 EDTA (Aldrich), and Na 3 PO 4 (Aldrich) were used.
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3

Glutathione Reductase Activity Assay

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Cyclophosphamide, glutathione reductase, b-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt (NADPH), 5,50-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. (USA).
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4

Neurochemical Analysis of Caffeine and Nicotine

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Caffeine was obtained from Global Chemie (Mumbai, India). It was dissolved in saline. Nicotine is nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt and was obtained from BDH Chemicals Ltd (England) and dissolved in saline. Thiobarbituric acid, trichloroacetic acid, perchloric acid, triethylamine, absolute ethyl alcohol, sulfanilamide, and N-1-naphthyl ethylene diamine were supplied by Sigma Aldrich. In addition, glutathione, acetylthiocho-line iodide, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 5,50-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), and phosphate buffers were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Analytical-grade glacial acetic acid, dansyl chloride, lithium carbonate, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade acetonitrile were purchased from Fisher (UK). Standard amino acids and HPLC-grade methanol were supplied by BDH (England).
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5

Bioactive Compound Evaluation Protocol

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The measurements and calculations of the activity results were evaluated by using bioactivity measurements, they were carried out on a 96-well microplate reader, Perkin Elmer Multimode Plate Reader EnSpire at Center of Biotechnology Research. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), butylatedhydroxylanisole (BHA), butylatedhydroxyltoluene (BHT), α-Tocopherol, Folin-ciocalteu's reagent (FCR), 3-(2-Pyridyl)-5,6-di(2-furyl)-1,2,4-triazine-5′,5′′-disulfonic acid disodium salt (Ferrene), Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Neocuproine, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6sulfonicacid)diammoniumsalt (ABTS), p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, 5,50-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic) acid (DTNB), acetylthiocholine iodide, butyrylthiocholine chloride, and galantamine were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co (Sigma-Aldrich GmbH, Stern-heim, Germany), horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, EC 3.1.1.8, 11. 4 U/mg) and electric eel AChE (Type-VI-S, EC 3.1.1.7, 425.84 U/mg) were obtained from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, Copper (II) chloride, Potassium persulfate, Sodium Carbonate, Aluminum Nitrate, Iron (II) chloride, Potassium acetate, Ammonium acetate were obtained from Biochem Chemopharma. All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade.
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