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True nuclear transcription factor buffer set

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The True-Nuclear Transcription Factor Buffer Set is a collection of reagents designed to extract and prepare nuclear proteins from cells for transcription factor analysis. The set includes a Nuclear Extraction Buffer and a Binding Buffer, which are used to isolate and prepare nuclear extracts for downstream applications such as electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and transcription factor DNA-binding studies.

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174 protocols using true nuclear transcription factor buffer set

1

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Analysis

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To stain for cell surface antigens, total spleen cells were pretreated with Fc blocker before staining. Cells were then stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies (anti-TCRβ, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD69, and anti-CD25) and left on ice for 30 min before analysis. A high-sensitivity strategy was used to stain cell surface FasL as per the suggestion on the technical data sheet (BioLegend). To maximize the signal, cells were stained with biotin-conjugated anti-mouse FasL antibody (MFL3) and left at 4°C for 18 h, followed by staining with APC-conjugated streptavidin and left on ice for 1 h.
To stain Foxp3, cells were fixed and permeabilized with a True-Nuclear transcription factor buffer set (BioLegend) and stained with a PE-conjugated anti-Foxp3 antibody.
To detect intracellular IFN-γ, cells were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 50 ng/ml)/ionomycin (500 ng/ml) in the presence of brefeldin A (10 μg/ml) for 4 h. Cells were fixed and permeabilized with True-Nuclear transcription factor buffer set (BioLegend) and stained with Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated anti-IFN-γ antibody. BD FACSCalibur™ (BD Biosciences) was employed for cell acquisition and FlowJo software for data analysis.
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2

PBMCs and γδ T-cell Analysis

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PBMCs and γδ T-cell phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Briefly, single-cell suspensions were surface-stained for 30 min at 4°C in the dark, and intercellular staining was performed for 60 min after fixation and permeabilization using a True-Nuclear Transcription Factor Buffer Set (BioLegend, California, USA). Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) Cell Proliferation Kit for flow cytometry was purchased from Invitrogen (Thermo Fisher). Fluorescein-conjugated antibodies are listed in online supplemental table S4. Data were acquired on LSRA/B or Fortessa B flow cytometers (BD Biosciences, New Jersey, USA) at Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Resource Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania and analyzed with FlowJo software (Tree Star, Ashland, Oregon, USA).
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3

Intracellular Flavivirus Protein Detection

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Intracellular staining of viral protein was performed with True-Nuclear transcription factor buffer set (Biolegend, San Diego, USA) as described elsewhere [7 (link)]. Briefly, LHCN-M2 cells were incubated with purified pan-flavivirus 4G2 antibody (3 mg/mL–Biomanguinhos, Fiocruz, Brazil) for 1 h at 4°C followed by incubation with fluorescent secondary antibodies (Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody Alexa Fluor 546 # A-11003, or Alexa Fluor 488 # A-11001, ThermoFisher Scientific, MA, USA) for 30 min at 4°C, being then analyzed using a FACS Canto II (BD) flow cytometer, applying the FACS Diva analysis software. We also confirmed the myogenicity of the cells by the expression of CD56 by flow cytometry using an anti-CD56 PE (#555516, BD Biosciences, NJ, USA).
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4

Multiparametric Intracellular Staining Protocol

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For Ki67, DAPI, RELMα, BrdU and pHH3 staining, the eBioscience FoxP3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer set (00-5523-00) or the BioLegend True-Nuclear Transcription Factor Buffer set (424401) was used. In brief, after surface staining, cells were fixed with 1x Fix Concentrate buffer in provided Fix Diluent for 30 minutes at 4 °C. Cells were then washed with FACS buffer and stored overnight. To permeabilize the cells, samples were washed with 1x Perm buffer diluted in water. Following blocking with 2% rat serum, samples were stained for 1 hour at RT, except for DAPI and secondary antibodies (20 minutes at RT), followed by washing in 1x Perm buffer and FACS buffer before flow cytometry.
For BrdU staining, mice were given 1 mg of BrdU i.p. (from BD kit, 552598, or Sigma, B5002) three hours before sacrifice as described12 (link). After sacrifice of mice and peritoneal lavage, samples were processed, fixed and stored overnight as for other intracellular antigens. BrdU-labelled cells were washed in 1x Perm buffer, incubated in DNase I (from BD kit, 552598 or Sigma, D4513) in 1x DPBS for 30 min at 37 °C, washed in 1x Perm buffer, blocked with 2% rat serum and stained for 1 hour at RT with α-BrdU antibody (BD, 552598), followed by washing in 1x Perm buffer and FACS buffer. Mice that did not receive BrdU were used as negative controls.
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5

Multiparametric Profiling of Tumor Immune Landscape

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Freshly harvested CD45-enriched tumor and lymph node tissues were used for flow analysis. Breast tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes were incubated with collagenase IV (Worthington) and filtered through a 70-μm cell strainer to obtain single-cell suspensions. Tumor-infiltrating leucocytes were isolated by immunomagnetic separation with CD45 MicroBeads on magnetic columns (Miltenyi Biotec). Lymph node and tumor cells were stained with the following monoclonal surface antibodies: anti-CD3ε, anti-CD4, anti-CD8α, anti-CD45, anti-CD19, anti-NKp46, and anti-CD45.1 (Table S1). Next, cells were fixed and permeabilized by True-Nuclear Transcription Factor Buffer Set (BioLegend). After fixation and permeabilization, intracellular stains were performed using the following antibodies: anti-GATA3, anti-Foxp3, and anti-Ki67 (Table S1). Stained cells were assayed using a Fortessa LSRII flow cytometer (BD Bioscience), and the live cell population was gated for analysis on the forward/side scatter plots. GATA3 gates were determined using naive splenic T cells as control. Flow data were analyzed using FlowJo software (TreeStar).
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6

Comprehensive Immunological Profiling of Tumor Cell Lines

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4T1, H22, HepG2, NIH‐3T3, and Panc02 were purchased from BeNa Culture Collection, China. Anti‐mouse PD‐1 antibody (PD‐1 Ab, BE0146‐100 mg) was purchased from Bio X Cell. Anti‐human PD‐1 Ab was obtained as a gift from Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., China. Flow cytometry antibodies included PE anti‐mouse CD274 (B7‐H1, PD‐L1) (124308), APC/Cyanine7 anti‐mouse CD45 (103132), FITC anti‐mouse CD3 (100204), Brilliant Violet 421 anti‐mouse CD4 (100563), PE/Cy7 anti‐mouse CD8a (100722), PE anti‐mouse IFN‐γ (505808), Alexa Fluor 647 anti‐human/mouse Granzyme B (515406), APC anti‐mouse Ki‐67 (652406), PE anti‐mouse/human CD44 (103008), PE anti‐mouse Ly‐6G/Ly‐6C (Gr‐1) (108407), APC/Cyanine7 anti‐mouse/human CD11b (101226), Brilliant Violet 421 anti‐mouse F4/80 (123137), PE anti‐mouse CD86 (105008), PE/Cy7 anti‐mouse CD206 (MMR) (141720), Alexa Fluor 647 anti‐mouse FOXP3 (126408), APC anti‐mouse CD49b (pan‐NK cells) (108910), PE anti‐mouse CD25 (102008), PE anti‐mouse/human CD44 (103008), APC anti‐mouse CD62L (104412), Zombie Aqua Fixable Viability Kit (423102), Cell Activation Cocktail (with Brefeldin A) (423304), True‐Nuclear Transcription Factor Buffer Set (424401), and Intracellular Staining Permeabilization Wash Buffer (10X) (421002) were purchased from BioLegend.
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7

Quantifying Regulatory T Cells via Flow Cytometry

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To analyze Treg cells, PBMCs stimulated with ConA were cocultured with naive or primed EVs at various concentrations (1 or 3 μg/ml) for 3 days. After coculture, PBMCs were collected, washed with FACS buffer, and incubated with canine Fc receptor binding inhibitor on ice for 20 min. PBMCs were stained with anti-CD3-FITC (Clone: CA17.2A12, Bio-Rad), anti-CD4-APC (Clone: YKIX302.9, eBioscience), and anti-CD25-RPE (clone: P4A10, Thermo Fisher Scientific) or their respective isotype controls. Then, PBMCs were fixed and permeabilized using True-Nuclear Transcription Factor Buffer Set (BioLegend). Finally, PBMCs were stained with anti-Foxp3-eFluor450 (clone: FJK-16 s, Thermo Fisher Scientific) or that of isotype controls. Analysis by flow cytometry was performed by measuring the frequency of Foxp3 expression on gated CD3+CD4+CD25+ cells.
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8

Immunophenotyping of Mouse Lymphocytes

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C57BL/6 wild-type mice obtained from Janvier Labs were used for all experiments. Mice were housed in a specific pathogen-free facility and were aged of 8 weeks at the beginning of experiments. All animal experiments were approved by the local institutional ethic committee.
Adenosine 5’-tri-phosphate disodium salt (A2383) and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (N7004) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Red blood cell (RBC) lysis/fixation Solution, True-Nuclear transcription factor buffer set, fluorochrome-conjugated streptavidin, and antibodies to CD45 (clone 30-F11), CD4 (RM4-5), CD8 (53-6.7), CD25 (PC-61), CD19 (1D3/CD19), B220 (RA3-6B2), FoxP3 (MF-14), CD27 (LG.3A10), CD62L (MEL-14), CD69 (H1.2F3) or P2X7R (1F11), and purified CD16/CD32 (TruStain FcX) were obtained from Biolegend or Sony Biotechnology. Rabbit polyclonal antibody K1G, specific to mouse P2X7, was described in our previous studies (12 (link), 13 (link)). K1G was used to stain P2X7 at the surface of blood myeloid cells as illustrated in Supplemental Figure 3, using a secondary donkey anti-rabbit IgG from Jackson ImmunoResearch. Biotinylated polyclonal antibody specific to mouse IgGa was obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch and monoclonal antibody to ARTC2.2 (Nika102) from Novus Biologicals.
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9

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis of Hematopoietic Reconstitution

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Gating strategies can be found in Supplemental Information (Figures S7 and S8). For analysis of mixed chimerism, cells were first stained with LIVE/DEAD Fixable Near-IR Dead Cell Stain Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific) and blocked with TruStain FcX anti-mouse (Biolegend) for 10 min on ice in Cell Stain Buffer (Biolegend). Antibodies used for staining from Biolegend were as follows: CD45.1 PerCp-Cy5.5 (A20), CD45.2 Pacific Blue (104), CD3 AF488 (17A2), CD4 PE (RM4–4), CD11b BV605 (M1/70), CD19 PE-Cy7 (6D5), CD49b APC (DX5), CD25 PE-Cy5 (PC61), CD8a PE (53–6.7), Ter-119 PE, CD11b PE (M1/70), Gr-1 PE (RB6–8C5), CD3 PE (17A2), B220 PE (RA3–6B2), CD317 PE (927), CD172a APC (P84), CD11c AF700 (N418), CD304 PE (3E12), FOXP3 AF647 (150D), Helios AF488 (22F6), B220 FITC (RA3–6B2), CD8a BV510 (53–6.7). eBioscience antibodies used were as follows: CD117 APC (2B8), Sca-1 Pe-Cy7 (D7). Staining of intracellular markers was conducted with Biolegend True-Nuclear Transcription Factor Buffer Set as per manufacturer’s instructions. For live cell sorting, propidium iodide (MilliporeSigma) was used to determine viability. Cells were analyzed and/or sorted with a BD FACSAria II. Data were analyzed using FlowJo (10.7).
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10

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Activated Lymphocytes

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Prior to staining-stimulated lymphocytes for flow cytometry analysis, restimulated lymphocytes were treated with 5 μg/mL brefeldin A (Biovision, San Francisco, CA, USA) for 4 h to block cytokine release. Splenic and LN lymphocytes were subjected to a viability stain using a LIVE/DEAD Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain Kit, for UV excitation (ThermoFisher). Cells were then washed with Dulbecco’s PBS (Gibco, ThermoFisher) plus 10% fetal bovine serum (Atlanta Biologicals) and labeled with mAbs specific for TCR-β, CD4, CD8α, CD19, CD25, TGF-β (BioLegend, San Diego, CA), and CD39 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA). Cells were then fixed and permeabilized using the True-Nuclear Transcription Factor Buffer Set (BioLegend) and labeled with mAbs specific for IFN-γ, IL-17 (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA), GM-CSF (eBioscience), IL-10, and Foxp3 (Invitrogen). Fluorescence was acquired on a Fortessa flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson Franklin Lakes, NJ), using FACSDiva software (Becton Dickinson). All samples were analyzed using FlowJo software (BD Biosciences, Ashland, OR).
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