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6 protocols using polyvinyl alcohol pva

1

Synthesis of PVA-Stabilized Noble Metal Nanoparticles

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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, average polymerization degree = 1200) (Wako Pure Chemical,) was used as received. Methyl isothiocyanate (Tokyo Kasei Kogyo, >98.0%) was distilled prior to use. Sodium tetrachloropalladate (II) (Na2PdCl4, Tokyo Kasei Kogyo, >98.0%) and sodium tetrachloroaurate (III) dehydrate (NaAuCl4, Wako Pure Chemical, >95.0%) were commercially available and used as received. Dimethylsulfoxide (Wako Pure Chemical, >99.0%) was distilled under CaH2. N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP, Wako Pure Chemical, >99.0%) was used as received.
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2

Polyvinylidene Difluoride Membrane Characterization

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A polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P; pore size, 0.45 µm) was purchased from EMD Millipore. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA; MW, 22,000) was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG; MW: 20,000) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; MW: 20,000) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque Inc. Porcine gastric mucin (PGM) (type III, partially purified) and Alcian blue 8GX were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA. Anti-sialyl MUC1 monoclonal antibody (MY.1E12) was provided by Dr T. Irimura (Juntendo University, Japan) (22 (link),23 (link)). Hyaluronic acid binding protein (HABP) was obtained from Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd. Other reagents and solvents were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. and Nacalai Tesque Inc. All solvents used were of analytical reagent grade.
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3

Cellulose Acetate Membrane Fabrication

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All reagents were used as received. Cellulose
acetate (CA) was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Japan. Methyl
acetate (MA), 1-hexadecanol (HD-OH), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA,
DP = 1000, degree of saponification of 86–90 mol %) were purchased
from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Japan. Commercially
available n-hexadecane (HD) was purchased from TCI,
Japan. Poly(propylene glycol), tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate terminated
(PPG-TDI, Mn = 2300), was purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich, Japan. Distilled water with a resistance of 3 MΩ·cm
was obtained by passing it through an Elix UV system.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels

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Chitosans (CSs) were supplied by Koyo Chemical Co (Tottori, Japan) (Mn values estimated by GPC analysis with Pullulan standards were 64.1 × 103 (Mw/Mn = 2.03) and 162.4 × 103 (Mw/Mn = 1.98); degrees of deacetylation estimated by elemental analysis were 76.5% and 74.0%, respectively). Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s (PNIPAms) (Mn: 40 000; Mn: 85 000), amine terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (Mn: 2500), and polyacrylamide (PAm) (Mn: 40 000) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan (Tokyo). Sodium alginate (AG) (80–120 cps, 10 g L−1 at 25 °C), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (degree of polymerization: 1500) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Other reagents were obtained in commercial grade and used without further purification.
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5

Synthesis of Palladium-Catalyzed Organic Compounds

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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA,
average polymerization degree = 1200) (Wako Pure Chemical) was used
as received. Methyl isothiocyanate (Tokyo Kasei Kogyo, >98.0%)
was
distilled prior to use. Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (Na2PdCl4, Tokyo Kasei Kogyo, >98.0%) was commercially
available
and used as received. Iodobenzene (Tokyo Kasei Kogyo, >99.0%) was
distilled under CaH2 and methyl acrylate (Tokyo Kasei Kogyo,
>99.0%) and used as received. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Wako Pure
Chemical, >99.0%), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP,
Wako
Pure Chemical, >99.0%), and tributylamine (Tokyo Kasei Kogyo, >98.0%)
were distilled under CaH2. Undecane (Tokyo Kasei Kogyo,
>99.5%) was distilled prior to use.
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6

Polymer Ion-Selective Electrode Fabrication

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High-molecular weight PVC was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
2-Amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3propanediol was purchased from KC (Tokyo, Japan). 2-Nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), 4-nitrocatechol, and 1-bromooctadecane were purchased from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (saponification degree: 78 -82 mol%), valinomycin (K + ionophore), HCl, KOH, KCl, NaCl, and NaH were purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals (Osaka, Japan).
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