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97 protocols using sca20

1

Surface Tension Measurement of Test Solutions

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The surface tension of the
test solutions in different gaseous environments was measured with
an optical contact angle measurement device (OCA 25, Dataphysics).
For the generation of pendant drops, the device’s automatic
dosing system and a needle with a filling volume of 1 mL and a blunt
tip (Sterican 0.8 mm × 22 mm, B.Braun) were used. Surface tension
was calculated by fitting the Young–Laplace equation using
the SCA 20 software from Dataphysics. The room-temperature density
of the samples, required for surface tension measurements via this
method, was determined with an EasyDens digital density meter from
Anton Paar.
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2

Contact Angle Measurement of Thin Films

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CA measurements of the prepared films were measured using a DataPhysics OCA35 instrument (DataPhysics Instruments GmbH, Filderstadt, Germany) and evaluated using SCA20 software (Version 4.5.15 build 1064, DataPhysics Instruments GmbH, Filderstadt, Germany, 1998–2013) through the sessile drop method. All measurements were conducted within a climate-controlled room with a temperature of 25 °C and a relative humidity of 50%. Contact angles were determined within 30 s of applying a 2 µL water droplet onto the surface at a rate of 2 µL s‒1. All values reported arise from averaging at least 3–5 measurements across each film surface, and are reported with a standard deviation. Before each film was measured, it was stored under the measurement conditions within the climate-controlled room for several hours or overnight.
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3

Characterizing Surface Topography and Wettability

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The surface topography of the samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) employing the Leica-Zeiss LEO equipment under vacuum (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Platinum sputtering was applied to make the materials more conductive for the SEM observations. An optical profilometer (interferometric and confocal) PLm2300 (Sensofar, Barcelona, Spain) was used to determine the roughness.
Three discs of each type were tested. Three measurements were performed for each disc to obtain the average values of the Ra parameter. The contact angle was measured using an automatic contact angle meter OCA 20 (Dataphysics Instruments, Filderstadt, Germany). Ten µL of ultrapure water was deposited on the disc surfaces at a dosing rate of 27.5 μL s -1 at room temperature. Contact angles were determined using SCA 20 software (DataPhysics Instruments). Six discs of each material were studied, after depositing two drops on each disc.
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4

Measuring Surface Wettability via Sessile Drop

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The hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the filter materials was estimated by measuring the contact angle, using the Sessile drop method [40 (link)] with the device DataPhysics OCA 20 and SCA 20 software (DataPhysics Instruments GmbH, Filderstadt,·Germany). Distilled water was used as a liquid agent to create the drop on the measured surface of the material. All measurements were performed at room temperature and the air humidity at 40%.
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5

Water Contact Angle Measurement

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Contact angles on modified epoxy glass slides were recorded using a Dataphysics OCA 15 plus Contact Angle measuring device equipped with SCA 20 software (Filderstadt, Germany) based on sessile drop method. A total of five samples were tested for each configuration using 8 µL distilled de‐ionized (DDI) water droplet at the ejection speed of 1 µL s−1.
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6

Static Contact Angle Measurements

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Coated paper samples were stored at norm climate conditions for at least 24 h prior to contact angle measurement. Static contact angle measurements were performed using a Dataphysics OCA35 device (Dataphysics, Filderstadt, Germany) at standard climate conditions with 2 μL droplets of ultrapure water (Milli-Q-, Advantage A10, Millipak Express 20, (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA)). Drop shape fittings were performed using Dataphysics SCA20 software and applying the Young–Laplace fitting mode. A total of 10 measurements were performed for mean value determination for each sample, with a total of 3 samples per data point. Time-dependent contact angles were determined for a total of five measurements. Errors were calculated from the standard deviation from the mean for each sample followed by Gaussian error propagation.
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7

Water Contact Angle Measurement

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The water contact angle was measured by means of an OCA 20 (Data Physics Instruments, Filderstadt, Germany) apparatus equipped with a CCD camera and a high-performance digitizing adapter. The SCA 20 software (Data Physics Instruments) was used for data acquisition. The films were fixed on top of a plane solid support and kept flat during water deposition and acquisition. The sessile drop method was used with a droplet volume of 6 μL. Temperature was controlled for the support and the injecting syringe at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C. A total of 5 droplets were examined for each film sample.
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8

Substrate Wettability Characterization

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To determine the wettability of the different substrates, static contact angle measurements were performed using the Sessile Drop method 38 in a contact angle video based system OCA15plus
Video-Based Contact Angle System (Dataphysics, Germany) and analyzed with the SCA20 software (Dataphysics Instruments GMBH, Germany). The liquid used for contact angle measurements was Milli-Q water (MilliQ, Millipore, Germany) at RT. Samples were introduced in a water vapor saturated chamber and 3 μL drops were deposited at random over the substrate surface. Contact angles were measured immediately after drop deposition. Three readings were taken on each test specimen and the experiment was performed in triplicate for each condition.
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9

Contact Angle Measurement of Thin Films

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OCA15plus goniometer equipment (DataPhysics, Germany) was used to perform the contact angle measurements onto both sides of the films, i.e., "top" corresponds to the top of the film and the "bottom" corresponds to the surface film in contact with the substrate, which was always a CHT layer. The measurements were performed using the sessile drop method, in which a drop of 3 μL of ultrapure water was deposited on the surfaces by a syringe, and immediately after the water drop contacted the surface, images were acquired and analyzed using the SCA20 software (DataPhysics, Germany). For each condition characterized, at least three images were acquired, corresponding to six values of water contact angle.
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10

Contact Angle Measurement of Water Droplets

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Measurements were performed using OCA15 Pro system from DataPhysics (Filderstadt, Germany). After focusing the sample, 2-μL drop of de-ionized water was released on top of the surface for digital image capture. Contact angle measurements were performed using SCA 20 software from DataPhysics.
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