Fractured samples from the AMS and AMS-A were collected, and the inner surfaces of these samples were analysed in situ by XRD using a RIGAKU Ultima IV XRD system with power of 40 kV and 44 mA. The scanning speed was 2 theta/min.
Powdered samples were collected using a scalpel from the inner surface of AMS-A and AMS, corresponding to the nacre and the myostracum, respectively. The infrared spectra of powdered samples were recorded using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer with a resolution of 4/cm on a Nicolet iS50 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific). The system was purged with dry N2 to reduce interfering water vapor IR absorption, and no water contribution was verified by measuring KBr pellets.