Archived ultrasound image files from WSD+/−T treated females (as reported in (12 (link))) were analyzed to relate to ovarian SAF morphology from histologic analyses. Image files were from scans performed on days 1–3 of the menstrual cycle at three separate time points: a) before onset of WSD, b) 3 months, and d) 14 months after onset of WSD exposure. Females were approximately 5.0, 5.8, and 6.7 years of age, respectively. Archived ultrasound scans were also analyzed from adult rhesus females with regular menstrual cycles consuming the standard monkey chow diet (control), undergoing similar ultrasound evaluation of ovarian structure for an unrelated project on days 1–3 of the menstrual cycle (standard diet control; 7 ± 2 years; n=13). GE Voluson 730 Expert Image files from each ultrasound session were coded to mask identifying information, uploaded into 4D View software (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA), and analyzed at one time by a single individual (CVB), similar to previous analyses (12 (link)). Localization of the majority of SAFs (<2.5 mm) to the outer periphery of the ovary was denoted as polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM). All scans were then decoded for comparisons between treatment groups.
Ge voluson 730 expert
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States, Austria
The GE Voluson 730 Expert is a diagnostic ultrasound system designed for obstetric and gynecological imaging. It features advanced technology for high-resolution imaging, Doppler capabilities, and comprehensive measurement tools.
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5 protocols using ge voluson 730 expert
1
Ovarian Morphology in WSD-treated Females
2
Fetoplacental Hemodynamics Evaluation
3
Ultrasound-Guided Acupuncture on CV12
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CV12 is located at the midpoint of the line connecting the xiphisternal junction and the center of umbilicus. It is on the anterior median line of the upper abdomen, at the 4 B-cun superior to the center of the umbilicus. We used an ultrasound machine, GE voluson 730 expert (General Electric Co., Boston, MA, USA), and linear ultrasound probes (2D linear array Transducers, General Electric Co., Boston, MA, USA) to acquire the ultrasound images of acupoint CV12. Convex probes (2D curved array transducers, General Electric Co., Boston, MA, USA) were used to additionally check whether there were any abnormalities on the liver when the liver was not seen by the linear probe. To determine the risk of liver damage in applying acupuncture on CV12, linear probe imaging was initially used to determine the position of the liver. If the liver was unobserved due to severe abdominal obesity, convex probe imaging was used. The probe’s placement for ultrasound is shown in Figure 2 .
4
Endometrial Vascularity Assessment using Doppler Ultrasonography
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ET and endometrial vascularity were examined using color Doppler ultrasonography (GE Voluson 730 Expert or Voluson E8, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with a 5–9 MHz transvaginal probe. The spiral arterioles could be visualized within the endometrial layer and measured. The color blood flows would be assessed if dominant vessels were visualized in endometrial lesions. Blood flow velocity waveforms were obtained. The mean resistance index (RI) was measured from 3–5 consecutive cardiac cycles. Maximum thickness of the endometrium was measured in the uterine longitudinal axis and recorded as the sum of both layers.
5
Uterine Artery Doppler Evaluation
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Uterine artery flow velocity waveforms were obtained by using ultrasonographic machines (GE Voluson 730 Pro or GE Voluson 730 Expert, GE Medical Systems, Zipf, Austria) with a convex abdominal probe AB 2-7 MHz. Each subject was examined once in the semi-recumbent position after 5 min of bed rest. The uterine artery was visualized by placing the end of the transducer on the left or right lower quadrant of the abdominal wall with the intent of identifying the external iliac artery and the uterine artery, which is medial to the external iliac artery. Flow velocity waveforms were obtained from each uterine artery where it crossed the external iliac artery. At least three waveforms from each side were recorded. Mean PI was calculated, and the presence or absence of an early diastolic notch was noted. A uterine notch was defined as a definite upward change in velocity after the deceleration slope of the primary wave. An abnormal uterine artery Doppler pattern was defined as a mean PI495th percentile for each gestational age or the presence of bilateral early diastolic notches. 18 One operator (PP) performed the measurements. The intra-operator coefficient of variation was calculated in 20 women, and each of these 20 women was examined three times. The mean intra-observer coefficient of variation for the PI was 0.96 (95% confidence interval = 0.94-0.97).
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