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4 protocols using rabbit anti lc3a

1

Automated Immunostaining with Confocal Imaging

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Automated immunostaining was carried out using Ventana BenchMarkXT platform (Ventana). The following antibodies were used; anti-vimentin and anti-cytokeratin (Ventana), rabbit anti-LC3A and rabbit anti-LC3B. Immunofluorescence was performed as described previously40 (link). For immunofluorescence, the following primary antibodies were used at the indicated concentrations: rabbit anti-LC3A (1:50) (Cat # 4599, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-LC3B (1:50) (Cat # 3868, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-vimentin (1:50) (Cat # 5741, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-vimentin (1:100) (Cat # ab8978, Abcam), mouse anti-LAMP2 (1:50) (Cat # sc-18822, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and mouse anti-LC3B (1:50) (Cat # sc-271625, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Bound antibodies were visualized using Alexa Fluor 555 or Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibodies (1:500) (Cell Signaling Technology). Cells were then counterstained using 4, 6-diamidinophenylindole (DAPI). Images were acquired using LSM 710 confocal scanning laser microscope (Carl Zeiss).
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2

Detection of Recombinant LC3 Isoforms

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Recombinant His-tagged LC3A, untagged LC3B and GST-tagged LC3C were purchased from Novus Biologicals (Centennial, CO, USA). The recombinant human LC3A protein (order number NBP1-45308), fused to a His-tag at the C-terminus, and the recombinant human LC3B protein (order number NBP2-50960) was expressed in E. coli. The recombinant human LC3C protein (order number H00440738-P01) with a GST-tag at the N-terminus had been expressed in wheat germ. The LC3 proteins were diluted in Western blotting lysis buffer to contain a total amount of 10 ng, 1 ng or 0.1 ng protein together with 20 µg milk proteins. Samples were supplemented with loading buffer and loaded several times onto a gel without boiling. Western blotting was performed in the same manner as described in 2.2. After blotting, the membranes were cut vertically to allow parallel incubation with antibodies against LC3A, LC3B, and LC3C using rabbit anti-LC3A (1:1000, from Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA; order number 4599), rabbit anti-LC3B (1:1000, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; order number L7543), rabbit anti-LC3C (1:1000, from Abcam, Cambridge, UK; order number ab150367). The membrane strips carrying identical LC3s were then developed in parallel using enhanced chemiluminescence as before.
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Whole-Cell Lysate Fractionation and Protein Analysis

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The preparation of whole-cell lysates and the isolation of soluble and insoluble protein fractions were performed as previously described39 (link). The following primary antibodies were used with (1:1000) dilutions: rabbit anti-LC3A (Cat # 4599, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-LC3B (Cat # 3868, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-acetylated α-tubulin (Cat # sc-23950, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-LAMP2 (Cat # sc-18822, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-vimentin (Cat # 5741, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti- GAPDH (Cat #5174S, Cell Signaling Technology) and mouse anti-β-Actin (Cat # 3700, Cell Signaling Technology) followed by secondary anti-mouse (1:5000) or anti-rabbit (1:5000) antibody then washed and visualized using ECL Chemiluminescence Western blot substrate (ThermoScientific).
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4

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Autophagy Markers

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Primary human fibroblasts (IMR90 cells) were grown on glass cover slips, treated as appropriate, and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Unspecific epitopes were blocked with 3% BSA before permeabilization with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS. The fixed cells were then incubated overnight with primary antibodies diluted in PBS containing 1% BSA: rabbit anti-LC3A (1:200, from Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA; order number 4599), mouse anti-LC3B (1:200, from NanoTools, Teningen, Germany; order number 0260-100), rabbit anti-LC3C (1:200, from Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA; order number 14736), guinea pig anti-p62 (1:400, from Progen, Heidelberg, Germany; order number GP62-C), rabbit anti-LAMP2 (1:1000, from BioCat, Heidelberg, Germany; order number WA-ABV10697.100). The cells were subsequently incubated with Cy2-, Cy3- and Cy5-coupled secondary antibodies (1:500, from Jackson Immunoresearch, West Grove, PA, USA) for 2 h at room temperature. Cell nuclei were counterstained with 1 µg/mL 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The cells were then analyzed and photographed using a confocal laser-scanning microscope (TCS SP5 from Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). All pictures were taken with a 63x objective and 2x zoom at the highest possible resolution (2048 × 2048 pixels).
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