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4 protocols using cubis mse balance

1

Preparation and Characterization of Amyloidogenic Proteins

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Human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) (disulfide bridge: 2–7; MW: 3,906; 37-residue: KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGAILSSTNVGSNTY) was obtained as lyophilized powder from AnaSpec. Lysozyme (Lys) (from chicken egg white; MW: 14,300) and α-lactalbumin (aLac) (calcium depleted, from bovine milk; MW 14,178) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. IAPP, aLac and Lys were weighed on a Cubis MSE balance (Sartorius, 0.01 mg resolution), dissolved in Milli-Q water (pH 6.5) to a concentration of 200 µM and used immediately for zeta potential, ThT, TEM and viability assay sample preparations. Pre-formed IAPP amyloids (30–60 days old in Milli-Q water, room temperature) were kept at a stock concentration of 200 μM. Thioflavin T (ThT) dye (Sigma) was dissolved in Milli-Q water to form a 250 μM stock solution immediately prior to use in ThT sample preparations. Calcein-AM dye (Sigma) was kept in a 1 mM stock solution in DMSO at −20 °C.
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2

IAPP Amyloid Fibrillation Protocol

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2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) was purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich and deinhibited by passing through a column of
basic alumina. S,S′-Dibenzyl trithiocarbonate
(DBTC), N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) (X)
was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN)
was purified by recrystallization from methanol before use. Dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Merck Millipore and used as received.
Human islet amyloid polypeptide monomers (IAPP; disulfide bridge:
2–7; MW: 3,906; 37 residue: KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGAILSSTNVGSNTY;
>95% pure by HPLC) were obtained in lyophilized powder form from
AnaSpec
and were made up to a 200 μM stock immediately prior to an experiment
or allowed to fibrillate at 25 °C for >5 days to produce mature
IAPP amyloids. All materials were weighed out on a Cubis MSE balance
(Sartorius, 0.01 mg resolution) and made up fresh in Milli-Q water
prior to experiments unless otherwise specified. Thioflavin T (ThT)
dye (Sigma-Aldrich) was prepared fresh for each experiment at a 250
μM stock solution. Propidium iodide (PI) dye stock solution
(1 mg/mL in water) was stored at −20 °C.
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3

Characterizing Amyloid Fibril Formation

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Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP, or amylin) (KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGAI-LSSTNVGSNTY; disulfide bridge: 2–7; MW: 3,906) was obtained from Abcam in lyophilised powder form. The hIAPP was weighed on a Cubis MSE balance (Sartorius, 0.01 mg resolution) and dissolved in Milli-Q water to form a 1 mg/mL (256 μM) stock solution immediately prior to (freshly-dissolved monomers) or around two weeks before (pre-formed/“mature” amyloid fibrils) commencing measurements. Resveratrol (purity > 99%; MW: 228) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich and dissolved in Milli-Q water to form a 120 μM (0.027 mg/mL) stock solution. Laurdan dye (6-Dodecanoyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene; MW: 354) was obtained from AnaSpec and maintained as a 4 mM stock solution (1.4 mg/mL) in DMSO, with a 500 μM solution in Milli-Q made up immediately prior to addition to wells. Hoechst-33342 was obtained from Sigma Aldrich and propidium iodide was obtained from Life Technologies, both were made to stock concentrations of 10 mg/mL in PBS. The DCFDA cellular ROS detection kit was purchased from Abcam.
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4

Amyloid Fibrillation Inhibition by EGCG

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Human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) (37-residue sequence: KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGAILSSTNVGSNTY; disulfide bridge: 2–7; MW: 3,906) was obtained as lyophilized powder from AnaSpec. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG, ≥95% pure) and L-glutathione (GSH, ≥98%) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. The IAPP was weighed on a Cubis MSE balance (Sartorius, 0.01 mg resolution), dissolved in water to a concentration of 100 μM (IAPP is known to fibrillate at μM concentrations in vitro), and used immediately for TEM sample preparations. Mature amyloids were generated after dissolving IAPP in water for one month. EGCG stock solutions (1 mM) were prepared immediately or 24 h prior to TEM sample preparations to obtain “fresh” or oxidized EGCG, respectively. The fresh EGCG solution was colourless up to 6 h, while the oxidized EGCG solution appeared light yellow. Therefore the nominally fresh EGCG should have been partially auto-oxidized after 6 h. Reduced EGCG was obtained by mixing the polyphenol with GSH (1 mM stock) at a 1:1 molar ratio in water. All solutions were prepared using degassed ultrapure Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm; Millipore Corporation, USA).
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