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3 protocols using recombinant human tgf α

1

Caerulein-Induced Pancreatic Injury Model

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Caerulein, DMSO and all other chemicals unless specified were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). The GSK-3 inhibitor 9-ING-41 (GSK-3i) was obtained from Actuate Therapeutics (Fort Worth, TX). Recombinant human TGF-α was obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Soybean trypsin inhibitor was obtained from Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA). Rat-tail collagen I was obtained from BD (Franklin Lakes, NJ). AR42J cells were passaged in Ham’s F-12K (Kaighn’s) medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin. For Caerulein stimulation experiments, cells were serum starved for 16 hours and pre-treated with 9ING41 (500 nM) for 2 hours, then 10 nM of Caerulein for 2 or 6 hours. Stable shGSK-3β or scramble AR42J cells were fasted overnight prior to Caerulein (10 nM) stimulation. Cells were harvested 2, 6, and 12 hours post Caerulein stimulation.
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2

HSP20 Phosphorylation Signaling Pathways

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HSP20 antibodies were purchased from Enzo Life Sciences Inc. (Farmingdale, NY). Antibodies recognizing phosphorylated serine 16 in HSP20 were constructed as described previously [29 ], or obtained from Abcam plc (Cambridge, UK). Antibodies against phospho-JNK and phospho-EGFR (Y1068) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA). Recombinant human TGF-α was obtained from R&D systems Inc. (Minneapolis, MN). SP600125 was purchased from Calbiochem-Novabiochem Co. (La Jolla, CA). SP600125 was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. The maximum concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide was 0.1%, which did not affect the cell migration assay or Western blot analysis. N6,2’-O-dibutyryladenosine 3,5’-cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cAMP) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO). The BCA protein assay kit was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA). All other materials and chemicals were obtained from commercial sources.
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3

CFTR Inhibitor and Kinase Inhibitor Assay

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The CFTR inhibitor Inh-172 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). UO126, was from Calbiochem (La Jolla, CA). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, AZD9291 and erlotinib, TAPI-1, and CFTR corrector VX-661 were purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX). Forskolin was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Recombinant human TGF-α was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Ectoine and cycloheximide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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