Zirconium 4 propoxide

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Zirconium(IV) propoxide is a chemical compound used as a precursor in the manufacturing of various materials. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive odor. The compound is commonly used in the production of ceramic materials, coatings, and thin films.

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Zirconium propoxide (5 citations) Zirconium (IV) propoxide solution (2 citations)

7 protocols using zirconium 4 propoxide

Zirconium-based Biomaterial Synthesis

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Zirconium(IV) propoxide (70 wt% in 1-propanol), acetylacetone (Hacac), 1-propanol, absolute ethanol, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethyl carbodiimide (EDC), Phalloidin–Atto 594, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), streptomycin, and penicillin were purchased from Merck, DE. Sodium hyaluronate (55 KDa) (HA) was provided by Altergon SRL (Avellino, Italy). 2,7-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) was purchased from Cabru, IT. All the reagents were used without further purification. Hank Balanced Salt Solutions (HBSS) were purchased from Gibco (Milan, IT). Alamar Blue assay was purchased from Serotec, (Milan, IT).

Chianese G., Fasolino I., Tramontano C., De Stefano L., Imparato C., Aronne A., Ambrosio L., Raucci M.G, & Rea I. (2022). ROS-Generating Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Zirconium Dioxide-Acetylacetonate Nanoparticles as a Theranostic Platform for the Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Nanomaterials, 13(1), 54.

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Synthesis of Protein-Functionalized Hydrogels

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Methacrylic acid (99%) (MAA), titanium (IV) isopropoxide (97%) and zirconium (IV) propoxide in n-propanol (70 wt.%) were purchased from Merck and n-propanol from Alfa Aesar and were used as received. Acrylamide (Aam), 1-ethyl-3-(-3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), Lysil-lysine (Lys-Lys), Methacrylic acid (MAA), N-tert-butylAcrylamide (TBAm), N,N′-methylene bisAcrylamide (BIS), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TEMED), ammonium persulfate (APS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (TRIS), sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium monohydrogen phosphate, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, Tween-20, 3-Aminopropyl)Triethoxysilane, acetonitrile, acetic acid, ethanol, were from Sigma–Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). The proteins human serum transferrin (HTR), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), trypsin were from Sigma–Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). A 40% w/w APS stock solution was freshly prepared prior to polymerization.

Arcadio F., Noël L., Del Prete D., Seggio M., Zeni L., Bossi A.M., Soppera O, & Cennamo N. (2023). Sensing Approaches Exploiting Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles and Lossy Mode Resonance in Polymer Optical Fibers. Nanomaterials, 13(16), 2361.

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Facile Synthesis of Graphene-Zirconia Nanocomposite

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All chemical reagents of analytical grade were used without further purification. Graphite powder flakes (>99.99 wt%), zirconium(iv) propoxide (C₁₂H₂₈O₄Zr, 70 wt% in 1- propanol), and Pluronic F127 (EO₁₀₆PO₇₀EO₁₀₆) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich; InCl₃ indium(iii) chloride, urea, SDBS – sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Acros Organics) were procured from Samchun Pure Chemical Co Ltd. Ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂, 99.5%) was purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals Co. Ltd., Korea; hydrochloric acid (HCl) was purchased from Dae-Jung Chemical Co. Ltd., Korea. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ cm⁻¹) was used in all the experiments.

Fatema K.N, & Oh W.C. (2021). A comparative electrochemical study of non-enzymatic glucose, ascorbic acid, and albumin detection by using a ternary mesoporous metal oxide (ZrO2, SiO2 and In2O3) modified graphene composite based biosensor. RSC Advances, 11(7), 4256-4269.

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Preparation and Characterization of Zirconium Alkoxide Compounds

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Zirconium(IV) propoxide (Zr(OnPr)₄, 70 % in 1‐propanol) and zirconium (IV) chloride (ZCL, 99.9 %) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Anhydrous benzyl alcohol (BnOH, 99.8 %), diisopropylether (DIPE, 99 %) and acetophenone (AcPh, 99 %) were also purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Acetic anhydride (Ac₂O, 99 %), ethanol (EtOH, 99.5 %) and anhydrous acetone (ACE, 99.8 %) were purchased from ACROS Organics. 2‐pentanone (MPK, 99.5 %) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Zirconium(IV) propoxide (Zr(OnPr)₄, 70 % in 1‐propanol) was treated before use for 15 h under primary vacuum at 120 °C to remove 1‐propanol and obtain pure Zr(OnPr)₄ (ZNP). Complete removal of 1‐propanol was checked by FTIR spectrometry, by the absence of the OH stretching band from the alcohol (Figure S1). The water content of all oxygen donors was measured by Karl Fischer titration and, if necessary, they were dried over molecular sieves to ensure adequate drying (<10 ppm H₂O for Ac₂O, DIPE; <20 ppm for ACE, MPK, AcPh; <50 ppm H₂O for EtOH, BnOH). Toluene (Sigma‐Aldrich, 99.7 %) and dichloromethane (Sigma–Aldrich, 99.8 %) were dried over a PureSolve MD5 solvent purification system (H₂O <10 ppm, controlled with by Karl Fischer titration).

Wang Y., Bouchneb M., Mighri R., Alauzun J.G, & Mutin P.H. (2020). Water Formation in Non‐Hydrolytic Sol–Gel Routes: Selective Synthesis of Tetragonal and Monoclinic Mesoporous Zirconia as a Case Study. Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany), 27(8), 2670-2682.

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Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

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Methyl methacrylate (99%,
Aldrich), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride
(97%), zirconium(IV) propoxide (70 wt % in 1-propanol), concentrated
HCl (37 wt %), tetrachloroauric acid trihydrate (≥99.8%), urea
(99%), sodium borohydride (%), and 4-nitrophenol (%) were all obtained
from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Methanol
(99%), ethanol (99.4%), acetone (99%), n-heptane
(99.5%), benzene (99.7%), dichloromethane (99%), carbon tetrachloride
(99.5%), toluene (98%), and bromobenzene (95%) were obtained from
local suppliers. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ cm resistivity) was
used in all experiments.

Waterhouse G.I., Chen W.T., Chan A, & Sun-Waterhouse D. (2018). Achieving Color and Function with Structure: Optical and Catalytic Support Properties of ZrO2 Inverse Opal Thin Films. ACS Omega, 3(8), 9658-9674.

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Fabrication of Amorphous PZT Thin Films

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Pb(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)O₃ solution was prepared via the standard 2-methoxyethanol (99.8 %, Sigma-Aldrich) route using freeze-dried lead(II) acetate trihydrate (99.99 %, Sigma-Aldrich), titanium(IV) isopropoxide (97%, Sigma-Aldrich) and zirconium(IV) propoxide (70 % in propanol, Sigma-Aldrich) as starting compounds⁶⁰. Concentration (C_Zr + C_Ti) was 0.3 M with a stoichiometry of metal cations Zr:Ti = 0.53:0.47, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary composition with 10 mol.% Pb excess. The total volume of the solution was 50 mL. For more details see Ref. ⁶⁰. The solutions were spin-coated on glass substrates for 30 s at 3000 rpm with an acceleration of 500 rpm s⁻¹. Three types of glasses were used: fused silica (2” and 0.5 mm-thick, SIEGERT Wafer, fused silica)⁶¹, AF32 (2” and 0.3 mm-thick, SCHOTT, AF32)⁴⁸ and soda lime (38 × 26 × 1 mm³, Marienfield, ref 1100020 (microscope slides) and 38 × 25 × 1 mm³, Epredia, ref AB00000102E01MNZ10 (microscope slides))⁶². Drying and pyrolysis were performed on hot plates for 2 min each at 130 °C and 350 °C, respectively. The deposition-drying-pyrolysis cycle was repeated four times to obtain 170 nm-thick amorphous PZT films.

Song L., Cardoletti J., Martínez A.B., Benčan A., Kmet B., Girod S., Defay E, & Glinšek S. (2024). Crystallization of piezoceramic films on glass via flash lamp annealing. Nature Communications, 15, 1890.

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Synthesis of Photocatalytic Nanocomposites

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Titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP, 97%), zirconium(IV) propoxide (TZIP, solution 70 wt.% in 1-propanol) and tetracycline (TC, 98%) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Zinc acetate dihydrate (ZA, 99.5%) was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Ammonia (25%) and propan-2-ol (IPA, 99.5%) were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Deionized water was used in all experiments. All reagents were used without any further purification.

Siwińska-Ciesielczyk K., Andrzejczak A., Paukszta D., Piasecki A., Moszyński D., Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, & Jesionowski T. (2021). Synthesis of Selected Mixed Oxide Materials with Tailored Photocatalytic Activity in the Degradation of Tetracycline. Materials, 14(18), 5361.

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