Mother-infant dyads (N=59) were recruited from 11 different social groups in the outdoor breeding colony at the CNPRC during infant birth seasons in 2010 (N=21) and 2011 (N=38). Subjects had produced 1–15 infants in their reproductive career at the time of the study, however 17% were primiparous (10/59). Just over half of the mothers were rearing daughters (34/59, 58%). Subjects were fed a commercial diet twice-daily (Purina Monkey chow) supplemented with fresh produce semi-weekly. Subjects were housed in 0.2 hectare corrals. Linear hierarchies generated by the behavioral management division at the CNPRC, based on standardized observations of social interactions, were used to categorize social rank of mothers. We split the linear hierarchies into thirds to assign “high,” “middle,” and “low” rank to individual mothers, with the exception that study mothers were assigned the rank category that characterized the majority of their matriline if the arbitrary tertile assignment binned them apart from their matrilineal kin [Hinde et al., 2009 (link); Hinde et al., 2015 (link)]. This study was approved by the University of California Davis Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (#15461), adhered to the American Society of Primatologists principles for the ethical treatment of primates, and adhered to the legal requirements of the United States.
Monkey chow
Manufactured by Purina
Sourced in United States, Macao
Purina Monkey Chow is a balanced and nutritious dry food formulated to meet the dietary needs of non-human primates. It provides essential vitamins, minerals, and nutrients required for their overall health and well-being.
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Lab products found in correlation
35 protocols using monkey chow
1
Maternal Rank Effects on Macaque Dyads
2
Rhesus Macaque Social Interaction Study
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Seven adult male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) (Meanage = 11.14 years, SDage = 0.59 years on their first days of testing), participated in the study. Monkeys were socially reared and lived in 0.5 acre field enclosures (each housing 60–120 monkeys) until adulthood when they were moved inside and paired with a compatible social partner. During the present experiment, monkeys were socially housed. Five of the seven were paired with another animal for 7-hours a day and one monkey was paired 24 hours per day with his pair-mate. One of the monkeys was paired 7-hours per day half of the testing period and awaiting a new pair-mate during the second half of the testing period. They were housed in standard adult macaque laboratory cages (111.4 cm width × 68.1 cm length × 92.1 cm height) in rooms that were maintained on a 12-hour light/dark cycle (lights on at 0600) at ~26 degrees C. Monkeys were fed Purina monkey chow twice daily, supplemented weekly with fresh fruit and vegetables, had access to water ad lib, and had daily enrichment (including toys, videos, forage, etc.).
3
Katahdin Ewe and Rhesus Macaque Study
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Yearling nonpregnant female Katahdin ewes were sourced from a farm in Starkville, MS, and housed in the College of Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Pastures 11, 12, and 3 at Mississippi State University. All experiments were reviewed and approved by the Mississippi State University IACUC.
Female rhesus macaques (n = 3) used in this study were housed in the BSL2+ housing of the New Iberia Research Center and maintained in accordance with the regulations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animal and the studies were reviewed and approved by the University of Louisiana IACUC. The macaques were fed monkey chow (Purina) supplemented daily with fresh fruit or vegetables with water provided ad libitum. All procedures in macaques were conducted under sedation with Telazol and/or ketamine.
Female rhesus macaques (n = 3) used in this study were housed in the BSL2+ housing of the New Iberia Research Center and maintained in accordance with the regulations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animal and the studies were reviewed and approved by the University of Louisiana IACUC. The macaques were fed monkey chow (Purina) supplemented daily with fresh fruit or vegetables with water provided ad libitum. All procedures in macaques were conducted under sedation with Telazol and/or ketamine.
4
Aged Rhesus Monkeys Behavioral Analysis
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Ten adult and aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta, 8 females and 2 males, ages 12–32 years,) were pair-housed under standard laboratory conditions with individualized environmental enrichment. Monkeys were tested for highly palatable rewards (e.g., raisins, chocolate chips) to minimize the need for dietary regulation. Animals were fed monkey chow (Purina Mills, St. Louis, MO) as well as fresh fruit and vegetables immediately following testing; water was available ad libitum. One aged female monkey (AR) had previously participated in the physiological recordings prior to the systemic behavioral analyses, and thus provided the rare opportunity to compare neuronal and behavioral results.
5
Euthanasia Procedures for Primate Fetuses and Newborns
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All animal protocols were approved prior to implementation by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the University of California, Davis, and all procedures conformed to the requirements of the Animal Welfare Act. Activities related to animal care including housing, feeding, and environmental enrichment were performed in accordance with IACUC-approved standard operating procedures (SOPs) at the California National
Primate Research Center (http://www.cnprc.ucdavis.edu ). Briefly, animals were individually housed in stainless steel cages under a 12∶12 hr light-dark cycle at 25–27°C. They were fed Purina Monkey Chow and water ad lib; environmental enrichments included cereal, seeds, and seasonal produce. Fetuses were euthanized immediately after delivery and newborns within 24 hours of delivery in a manner consistent with the recommendations of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Guidelines on Euthanasia and Primate Center SOPs (IV administration of pentobarbital overdose).
Primate Research Center (
6
Infant Primate Feeding Regimen
7
Cocaine Study in Rhesus Monkeys
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Age and Reproductive Success in Rhesus Macaques
9
Rhesus Macaque Reward-Based Procedure
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Infant Rhesus Macaque Rearing Study
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