Mefloquine

A validated chemical compound library (Prestwick and LOPAC chemical library) was provided by the Drug Discovery Initiative (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; http://www.ddi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/). Pyrimethamine, fluphenazine, and perospirone (Wako, Osaka, Japan); perphenazine, mefloquine, tanshinone IIA, and butein (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan); hydroxyzine and penitrem A (LKT Labs, MN, USA; (±)-terfenadine and AM404 (R&D Systems, MN, USA); domperidone, PQ-401, bromocriptine, and omeprazole (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA); niguldipine (Focus Biomolecules, PA, USA); MC-1293 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, TX, USA); and entinostat (ChemScene Chemicals, NJ, USA) were used for secondary screening as described below.

Mefloquine, piperaquine, lumefantrine, and dihydroartemisinin were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan. Stock solutions of 50 mM of Mefloquine, 2 mM of lumefantrine, and 100 mM of dihydroartemisinin were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (Wako, Tokyo, Japan) and 1 mM of piperaquine in 0.5% lactic acid (Wako), with ultrasonic treatment and warming at 60°C to dissolve. The stock solutions were aliquoted and stored at −20°C until use.