2 4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine dnph

Folin-Cioclateu’s phenol reagent, gallic acid, porcine pancreatic α-amylase (Type VI-B), rat intestinal acetone powder, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, bovine serum albumin (BSA, fraction V), aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG), guanidine hydrochloride, thioflavin T, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), and 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), D-maltose, D-fructose, D-glucose, sucrose, and iron (II) sulfate were purchased from Ajax Finechem (Taren Point, Australia). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, FR, Germany). A glucose liquid color kit was purchased from HUMAN Gesellschaft für Biochemica und Diagnostica mbH (Wiesbaden, Germany). Acarbose was purchased from Bayer AG Pharmaceutical (Berlin, Germany). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) was obtained from PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). All other chemicals used in this study were analytical grade.

Methylglyoxal (MG) 40% solution, aminoguanidine (AG), bovine serum albumin (BSA), guanidine hydrochloride, L-cysteine, o-phenylenediamine (ο-PD), 5-methylquinoxaline (5-MQ), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), 2-deoxy-D-ribose, Cytochrome c from equine heart and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) was purchased from Ajax Finechem (Taren Point, NSW, Australia), whereas L-lysine hydrochloride was obtained from Himedia (L.B.S. Marg, MB, India). Finally, 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), trichloroacetic acid and methanol (gradient grade for liquid chromatography) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Glucose, fructose, and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) were purchased from Ajax Finechem (Taren Point, Australia). Catechin, gallic acid, sodium azide, Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG), guanidine hydrochloride, Thioflavin T (ThT), 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), and l-cysteine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). OxiSelectTM CML ELISA kit was purchased from Cell Biolabs (San Diego, CA, USA). All other reagents used were of analytical grade.