Staining tests using a 4 % aqueous osmium tetroxide solution were carried out both for the softener on a glass plate and on the model yarns (100-fold concentration; 10 % o.w.f.). Effective staining of the yarn was visually confirmed. The softener-treated model yarn was steam-stained with a 4 % aqueous osmium tetroxide solution and embedded in a visible-light-curable resin (D-800, JEOL, Japan). A smooth cross section was then prepared using a microtome (Leica, Germany) for further analysis. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; JSM-7600F, JEOL, Japan) observations (10 kV), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS; INCA Energy, Oxford Instruments, UK) analysis (10 kV), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF–SIMS; TOF–SIMS IV, IONTOF, Germany) analysis (25 kV) were performed. SEM observation using a backscattered electron detector showed good contrast corresponding to the element number. In terms of both sensitivity and resolution, the TOF–SIMS results gave the best overview of the distribution of softener molecules in the cross section.
Inca energy
Manufactured by Oxford Instruments
Sourced in United Kingdom
INCA Energy is a compact, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis system designed for materials characterization in the laboratory. It provides quick, accurate elemental analysis of solid and powder samples. The INCA Energy system combines a high-performance detector with advanced software for data acquisition and processing.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Microtome, by Leica camera (1 mentions)
Tof sims 4, by ION-TOF (1 mentions)
Jsm 7600f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Tem 3000f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Sc1000 11 megapixel ccd camera, by Ametek (1 mentions)
Vista ax, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Nanosem 450 fei, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Vega3, by TESCAN (1 mentions)
Ultradry, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Evo 40xvp, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Jxa 8100, by JEOL (1 mentions)
7 protocols using inca energy
1
Softener Distribution Analysis using Multimodal Microscopy
2
Characterization of Fe@Au Nanoparticles
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Dried Fe@Au nanoparticles were dispersed in absolute ethanol by sonication and then dropped onto copper grids with carbon-film support (GSCu300FL, Proscitech, Queensland, Australian) and dried. The specimens were then observed with a TEM (3000F, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) operating at 300 keV accelerating voltage, equipped with a SC1000 11-megapixel CCD camera (Gatan, CA, USA) and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) system (INCAEnergy, Oxford Instruments, Oxfordshire, UK).
3
Anti-Calcification Assessment of Scaffolds
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The anti-calcification property of the scaffolds was determined in simulated body fluid (SBF) as previously described [34 (link)]. SIS and PC-SIS were immersed in SBF (10 ml/cm2) at 37 °C for 14 days, followed by washing and drying. Then the samples were characterized under a SEM and energy-dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS, INCA Energy, Oxford Instruments, UK). To quantify the concentrations of Ca/P elements on the scaffolds, the remaining sample was dissolved in 0.2 M HCl, and the Ca/P contents were detected with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES; VISTA AX, Varian). The mineralization was also determined by Alizarin red staining [35 (link)].
4
Surface Characterization by EDS Analysis
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The surface of 1 disk sample per group was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS; INCA Energy, Oxford Instruments, High Wycombe, UK).
5
Morphology and Elemental Analysis via SEM-EDS
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The morphology and chemical composition analysis were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Nova NanoSEM 450 FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) and VEGA 3 (TESCAN, Brno, Czech Republic) with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) X-ray microanalyzer INCA Energy (Oxford Instruments Analytical, High Wycombe, United Kingdom) with a magnification of 2500×, 10,000×, and 20,000×. A total of three EDS spectra were recorded for each sample, and mean values of the weight percentage of the elements were determined.
6
Characterizing Particulate Matter Morphology
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For scanning electron microscopy, the water from the samples was evaporated and the dry PM was covered with platinum using a turbo-pumped sputter coater Q150T (Quorum Technologies, Lewes, United Kingdom). The collected PM were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Morphology of PM was evaluated by SEM using Zeiss EVO 40XVP (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) with an energy dispersive spectrometer INCA Energy (Oxford Instruments, Abingdon, United Kingdom) and Hitachi S-3400N (Hitachi, Tokio, Japan) with an energy dispersive spectrometer Ultra Dry (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA). Two microscopes were used to differentiate the size of collected Me NP.
7
Enamel Composition Analysis via SEM-EDX
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For both SEM and EDX analyses, the incisal/occlusal half and cervical half of labial/facial surface enamel of the mandibular incisors and the molars were assessed, respectively. For the mandibular incisors treated by 1% phosphoric-acid, the incisal half of distal surface enamel of the mandibular incisors were assessed. The outer enamel structure of each hemimandible was examined by SEM (JXA-8100; JEOL, Ltd.) operating in low-vacuum mode for secondary electron imaging. The JXA-8100 SEM was equipped with an EDX system (INCA Energy; Oxford Instruments) for qualitative and quantitative analyses and elemental mapping. Each sample without phosphoric-acid was randomly observed at three points in each half of enamel (incisal/occlusal half and cervical half of labial/facial enamel). Each sample with phosphoric-acid was randomly observed at three points in each incisal half of labial enamel. A total of 6 micrographs of each sample without phosphoric-acid and 3 micrographs of each sample with phosphoric-acid were obtained at each magnification. The images were compared among the groups and representative images were selected. The relative amounts of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) of samples without phosphoric-acid were assessed as atom percentage (Atom%) by EDX analysis, and the mean Atom% of Ca, P, C and Ca/P ratios of each group was calculated.
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