Chitosan from crab shells (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, highly viscous, 8.7 × 105 ± 4.0 × 104 g/mol (PDI = 1.037), deacetylation degree of 85% determined by 1H-NMR) was used for the synthesis of hydrogels. The average molecular weight (Mw) was measured by gel permeation chromatography equipped with refractive index (RID) and light-scattering (LS15 and LS90) detectors (HPLC Agilent Technologies, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The employed column was a PolySep-GFC-P Linear 300 × 7.8 mm Phenomenex and Acetic acid 0.15 M with 1 mL/min flow, and 20 μL injection volume was employed as eluent, followed a detector calibration against a poly(ethylene oxide) narrow standard (1.5 MDa). Acetic acid (for analysis, 99.8%) and lysozyme enzyme (from chicken egg white, ∼70,000 U/mg), sodium hydroxide (pure, pharma grade) and sodium phosphate monobasic (BioXtra, ≥ 99.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Chitosan from crab shells
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Chitosan is a natural biopolymer derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, such as crabs and shrimp. It is a versatile material with a range of applications in various industries. Chitosan exhibits unique properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial activity. This product is suitable for use in a wide variety of laboratory applications, where its specific characteristics may be of interest.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Lysozyme enzyme, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Wheat flour arabinoxylan, by Megazyme (1 mentions)
Endo 1 4 β xylanase from bacillus stearothermophilus t6, by Megazyme (1 mentions)
2 2 azinobis 3 ethylbenzthiazoline 6 sulfonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl dpph, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bacteriological agar, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Tryptic soy agar, by Liofilchem (1 mentions)
Tryptic soy broth (tsb), by Liofilchem (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin p s, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
L glutamine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Honeywell (1 mentions)
Sodium metaperiodate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Absolute ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hyaluronic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Succinic anhydride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid d4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
11 protocols using chitosan from crab shells
1
Chitosan Hydrogel Synthesis from Crab Shells
2
Crab Chitosan Protocol for Analytical Research
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All solid and liquid chemicals were of at least analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany), Fluka (Fluka Chemie GmbH, Buchs, Switzerland), VWR (VWR International GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany), Merck (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), or Roth (Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany). Chitosan from crab shells (practical grade) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All reagents were used without further purification. Millipore water was used for preparation of all aqueous solutions.
3
Enzymatic Modification of Wheat Arabinoxylan
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Endo-1,4-β-Xylanase from Bacillus stearothermophilus T6 (65 U/mg), feruloyl esterase from rumen microorganisms (300 U/mg) and wheat flour arabinoxylan (medium viscosity) were purchased from Megazyme (Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland). Chitosan from crab shells (low viscosity) and carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium salt, low viscosity (CMC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Gelatin from porcine skin was purchased from Fluka (Charlotte, NC, USA). Laccase from Agaricus bisporus (>4 U/mg, lyophilized), ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate (ethyl ferulate), 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
All the other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and procured from reliable sources. Milli-Q water was used for the preparation of all the buffers and solutions.
All the other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and procured from reliable sources. Milli-Q water was used for the preparation of all the buffers and solutions.
4
Chitosan Hydrogel Synthesis from Crab Shells
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chitosan from crab shells (minimum 85% deacetylation) (Sigma Aldrich) was dissolved in 0.5% acetic acid solution under magnetic stirring for 48 hours at room temperature. The resulting solution (pH −5.6) was filtered and stored at 4°C. 5 ml chitosan aliquot was taken in a glass vial and magnetically stirred in an ice bath. 60% ammonium hydrogen phosphate (AHP) solution in water at a pH −8.6 (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was slowly added to the chilled chitosan solution to form the gel.
5
Chitosan Flocculant Preparation Protocol
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Chitosan from crab shells (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a flocculant. The flocculant stock solution was prepared by dissolving chitosan in a solution of 1 % glacial acetic acid in ultrapure water subject to mechanical stirring at 400 rpm for 1 h. The solution was left to settle for 1 day before use.
6
Chitosan From Crab Shells Characterization
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Chitosan from crab shells (highly viscous, Product number: 48165, Lot # BCBP6349V) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). The chitosan used was previously characterized and showed a molecular weight of 183 kDa [31 (link)]. Acetic acid (≥99.8%) was provided by Honeywell through Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), DMEM low glucose, penicillin-streptomycin (P/S) and L-glutamine were obtained from Life Technologies (Gibco, Karlsruhe, Germany). Bacteriological agar was purchased from Scharlau (Ferrosa, Barcelona, Spain). Tryptic soy broth (TSB) and tryptic soy agar (TSA) were provided by Liofilchem (Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy).
7
Dynamic Covalent Hydrogels from Hyaluronic Acid and Chitosan
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Hyaluronic acid (Contipro, high molecular weight) and chitosan from crab shells (Sigma Aldrich, highly viscous, St. Louis, MO, USA,) were used for the development of the dynamic covalent hydrogels. The deacetylation degree of chitosan was measured by 1H-NMR (85%). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was employed for the determination of the average molecular weights of HA and CHI polymers, being 2.1 × 106 ± 1.01 × 105 g/mol and 8.7 × 105 ± 4.0 × 104 g/mol, respectively. The acetic acid (for analysis, 99.8%), methanol (pure, pharma grade), ethanol absolute (for analysis), succinic anhydride (≥99%), sodium (meta)periodate (≥99%), ethylene glycol (≥99%), sodium phosphate monobasic (≥99%), sodium hydroxide (pure, pharma grade), ninhydrin reagent (2% solution), deuterium oxide (99.9% atom D), and acetic acid-d4 (≥99.5% atom D) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
8
Synthesis of Chitosan Hydrogels
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For the synthesis of the hydrogels, chitosan from crab shells (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, highly viscous) was used, (deacetylation degree of 85% determined by 1H-NMR). Acetic acid (for analysis, ≥99.8%) and methacrylic anhydride were also used and, in order to prepare the samples for the NMR study, deuterium oxide (99.9% atom D) and acetic acid-d4 (≥99.5% atom D). Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) was used as a photoinitiator. Polyethylene glycol (C2nH4n+2On+1, 700 g/mol) and N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (C7H10N2O2, 154.17 g/mol) and acrylic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
9
Chitosan Immobilized β-Glucosidase Assay
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Polylactic acid (PLA) filament with a diameter of 1.75 mm was obtained from Prima Creator (Malmo, Sweden). Sodium hydroxide (>98%) was purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Chitosan from crab shells (85% deacetylated), acetic acid (>99.8%), p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glycopyranoside (p-NPG), and p-nitrophenol (p-NP) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). β-Glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima was obtained from Megazyme (Chicago, IL, USA). Glutaraldehyde (25% solution) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA).
10
Neuronal and Glial Cell Culture Protocols
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Chitosan from crab shells, sodium alginate, polyethyleneimine (MW 60kD), poly‐l ‐lysine hydrobromide (MW15‐30kD), hydrated polyhydroxy small gap fullerenes, bovine serum albumin (BSA), 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear stain and (3‐4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Neurobasal medium, B27 supplement, glutamine, and glutamate were purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Anti‐microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2) antibody was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), and anti‐glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody was purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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