Salvianolic acid b

LiChrosolv nhexane and SeccoSolv dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were from Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany; methanol (MeOH), diosmin, jasmonic acid, and salvianolic acid B from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany); luteolin, apigenin, narirutin, eriodictyol-7-Ogluronide, and rosmarinic acid from Extrasynthese (Genay, France); and acetonitrile (ACN) for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of ultragradient grade from Romil (Cambridge, UK). Water used was prepared by an EASYpure RF compact system (Barnstead, USA). Cuplaton antifoam agent was produced by Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland. Mueller Hinton II agar (MHA) and Mueller Hinton II broth (MHB) were obtained from Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was purchased from ICN Biomedicals Inc., Ohio, USA; Nunclon Delta Surface 96-well microplates from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Roskilde, Denmark; and Petri dishes from Heger Plastics, Rjukan, Norway.

Polyphenolic compounds were extracted and quantified according to Grzegorczyk-Karolak et al. (2018) . Briefly, 100 mg of lyophilized hairy roots was ground and ultrasonicated in methanol:water (8:2) solution for 15 min three times. Analysis was performed using an Agilent 1290 Infinity UPLC system equipped with UV detector and an autosampler and Zorbax Eclipse Plus C 18 column (3 × 100 mm, 1.8 µm; Agilent Technologies, USA). Ultrapure water containing 0.5% phosphoric acid (A) and acetonitrile containing 0.5% phosphoric acid (B) were used as chromatographic eluents. The gradient elution was programmed as follows: 0-22 min 6-26% B; 22-27 min 26-90% B; 27-27.5 min 90-95% B and 27.5-29 min 95% B. The flow rate was 0.3 ml/min, and the injection volume was 2 µl.
The compounds were identified on the basis of MS spectra, UV absorption spectra and retention time as described earlier (Grzegorczyk-Karolak et al. 2018) . For quantitative analysis, standard calibration curves were constructed based on the peak area. Reference standards for rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and salvianolic acid B were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. The compounds with no available commercial standard were quantified as equivalents of a similar standard as described earlier (Grzegorczyk-Karolak et al. 2018) . The results were expressed as mg/g of DW. All analyses for all treatments were repeated three times.

The reagents and chemicals used in the assays for evaluation of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany) and Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). Nutrient agar (NA), Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), Müller-Hinton broth (MHB), and Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) were purchased from Torlak Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera (Belgrade, Serbia). Standards of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid), caffeic acid, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin), quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin), rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, apigenin-7-O-glucoside (apigetrin), apigenin, carnosol, and carnosic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).