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4 2 hydroxyethyl 1 piperazineethanesulfonic acid hepes

Manufactured by Dojindo Laboratories
Sourced in Japan

4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) is a zwitterionic organic chemical compound commonly used as a buffering agent in cell culture media and biochemical applications. It is a stable and biologically compatible buffer that maintains a consistent pH in aqueous solutions.

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8 protocols using 4 2 hydroxyethyl 1 piperazineethanesulfonic acid hepes

1

Hammerhead Ribozyme Sequence Preparation

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The hammerhead ribozyme sequence derived from Schistosoma mansoni was enzymatically prepared as previously described [30] (link). The substrate RNA labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) at the 5′-end and the 11-mer RNA oligonucleotides, purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were purchased from Hokkaido System Science.
All reagents used to prepare buffer solutions were purchased from Wako with the following exceptions: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and the disodium salt of ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA) from Dojindo, PEG8000 and dextran with an average molecular weight 1 × 104 from Sigma, and 2-methoxyethanol and 1,2-dimethoxyethane from TCI. All reagents were used without further purification. Cosolute molecules were added to buffer solutions at 20 wt%, unless otherwise mentioned. No obvious precipitation and phase separation were observed, excluding the experiments using large PEG molecules at high salt concentrations and high temperatures.
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2

Reagents for Protein Crystallization

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Thaumatin from Thaumatococus daniellii, trypsin from bovine pancreatic, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium sodium tartrate, acetic acid, acetone, and 2-propanol were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). Lysozyme chloride from egg white was purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Selenourea and trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N-(2-Acetamido)iminodiacetic acid (ADA) and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) were obtained from Dojindo laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and all ligands for trypsin were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS; SILPOT 184 W/C) was purchased from Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), while SU-8 3050 and the SU-8 developer were purchased from Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Silicon wafers were obtained from Global Top Chemical (Tokyo, Japan) and cyclic olefin polymer (COP) films, 40 μm in thickness, were purchased from Zeon (Tokyo, Japan).
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3

Endotoxin Quantification Protocol

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The following materials were used in this study: United States Pharmacopeia reference standard endotoxin (USP-RSE) and a LAL-based endotoxin assay kit Endospecy-24S set comprising assay buffer and LAL reagents (Seikagaku, Tokyo, Japan); an endotoxin-free water (Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan); pAP and KCl (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan); LGR-pAP (Watanabe Chemical Industries, Hiroshima, Japan); 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES; Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan); and negative photoresists of ZPN1150 and SU-8 3005 (Zeon, Tokyo, Japan and KAYAKU Advanced Materials, Tokyo, Japan, respectively). USP-RSE was diluted with endotoxin-free water to obtain 2 × 106 EU/L of endotoxin stock solution and stored at 4 °C. Before being used, the endotoxin stock solution was vigorously mixed by vortexing for 30 min in accordance with the USP-RSE protocol. LGR-pAP was dissolved in endotoxin-free water to obtain 10 mmol/L stock solution and stored at −20 °C.
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4

Isolation of Primary Mature Rat Hepatocytes

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Male Wistar rats (age, 7–8 weeks; weight, 160–200 g; CLEA Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan) were used. They were bred and housed at the rat facility. Animal handling was in accordance with the Guidelines for Animal Experimentation in Nagasaki University. Primary mature hepatocytes (MHs) were isolated by a modified two-step collagenase perfusion method in accordance with previous reports [15 (link), 16 (link)]. Isolated cells were filtered through a cotton mesh membrane and a 45 μm stainless mesh. They were then purified thrice by centrifugation at 50×g for 2 min each at 4°C. Cell suspensions were subsequently centrifuged with 40% Percoll PLUS solution (GE Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan) at 50×g for 20 min at 4°C. All experiments were performed using MHs with at least 90% viability, as determined using trypan blue exclusion tests. Isolation procedures were performed in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA), 10 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) (Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan), 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL streptomycin (Life Technologies).
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5

Biotin-Avidin Surface Functionalization

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NeutrAvidin
and EZ-Link NHS-PEG4-biotin were
purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Biotinylated
DNA and fluorescent-tagged oligonucleotides were purchased from Eurofin
Genomics (Tokyo, Japan). Manicure was purchased from Shiseido (Tokyo,
Japan). 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was purchased from Sigma
Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Boric acid was purchased from Nacalai Tesque
(Kyoto, Japan). 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
(HEPES) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were purchased
from Dojindo (Kumamoto, Japan). A cover glass (18 mm × 18 mm,
no. 1S, 0.175 ± 0.015 mm thickness) and a slide glass (76 mm
× 26 mm, S-0314 Neo no. 2, 1.0–1.2 mm thickness) were
purchased from Matsunami Glass Industries (Osaka, Japan). 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide
(EDC) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was purchased from Wako Pure
Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). All of the other reagents were
purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan),
unless otherwise specified, and used without further purification.
Type 1 ultrapure water (Milli-Q) was used in all of the experiments.
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6

Isolation and Culture of Primary Cells

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Quinine hydrochloride and denatonium benzoate were obtained from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan) and dissolved in a buffer or normal water. Collagenase A and dispase II were from Roche (Basel, Switzerland). Elastase was from Worthington Biochemical (Lakewood, NJ, USA). DNase I was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Lipofectamine 2000 was from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ester)-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) were from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). Poly-L-lysine was from Sigma-Aldrich. All other reagents were of molecular biology grade or the highest grade of purity available.
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7

Fabrication and Sensing of Metal Ions

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All reagents used for device fabrication and sensing were utilized without further pre-treatment. ARS, a commercially available river sample with trace elements in river water (Elevated Level, NMIJ CRM 7202-c, Supplementary Table S1), and iron(III) nitrate enneahydrate (Fe3+) were obtained from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. The target metal ions including cobalt(II) perchlorate hexahydrate (Co2+), calcium perchlorate tetrahydrate (Ca2+), lead(II) perchlorate trihydrate (Pb2+), cadmium perchlorate hydrate (Cd2+), nickel(II) perchlorate hexahydrate (Ni2+), copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrate (Cu2+), magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate (Mg2+), aluminum perchlorate non-ahydrate (Al3+), mercury(II) perchlorate hydrate (Hg2+), and zinc perchlorate hexahydrate (Zn2+) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The building blocks of the chemosensors purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. were 3-NPBA, BPR, PR, and PV. A buffer material purchased from DOJINDO was 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES). All aqueous solutions were prepared using Milli-Q water (18.2 Ω cm).
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8

HH10 Ribozyme Preparation and Characterization

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The HH10 ribozyme was prepared by run-off transcription from a DNA template duplex (the 60-mer ribozyme sequence linked to a 17-mer T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence) using T7 RNA polymerase (GE Healthcare; Chicago, USA). The DNA oligonucleotides and the RNA substrate labeled with 6-fluorescein at the 5′-end were purchased from Hokkaido System Science (Hokkaido, Japan). All reagents used to prepare buffer solutions were purchased from Wako Chemicals (Osaka, Japan), except for 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and disodium salt of ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA) which were from Dojindo (Kumamoto, Japan).
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