Phenacetin

Reagents used in this study were purchased from the following sources: phenacetin (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan); 4-acetamidophenol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); 4-acetamidophenol-d4 (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA); oxidized β-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP⁺), glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), reduced β-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH), oxidized β-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, and reduced β-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (Oriental Yeast, Tokyo, Japan); polyclonal anti-human CYP1A2 antibody (cat. no. ab170204; Abcam, Cambridge, UK); horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (ProteinSimple, Tokyo, Japan); and sodium cyanide and cytochrome c from horse hearts (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan). All other chemicals and reagents were of the highest quality and commercially available.

The following reagents were purchased from the listed sources: phenacetin (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan); 4-acetamidophenol, (S)-warfarin, and 7-ethoxycoumarin (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA); (S)-7-hydroxywarfarin (BD Gentest, Woburn, MA, USA); midazolam and flunitrazepam (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan); 1′-hydroxymidazolam (Corning Incorporated, Steuben County, NY, USA); 4-acetoamidophenol-d4 (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA); oxidised β-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidised form (NADP⁺), glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), β-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH), and β-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) (Oriental Yeast, Tokyo, Japan); polyclonal anti-human CYP1A2 antibody, polyclonal anti-human CYP2C9 antibody, and polyclonal anti-human CYP3A4 antibody (Nosan Corporation); polyclonal anti-calnexin antibody (Enzo Life Sciences); anti-cytochrome P450 reductase antibody (ab13513) and anti-cytochrome b₅ antibody (ab69801) (Abcam, CB, UK); horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark); dimanganese decacarbonyl (DMDC) (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany); sodium cyanide and cytochrome c from horse heart (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan). All other chemicals and reagents were of the highest commercially available quality.