Extracted DNA from the strains Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 (700926), Bacillus cereus str. Frankland and Frankland (10876), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (17802D-5), and Clostridioides difficile (9689D-5) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA). The additional bacteria and their sources used in specificity testing included Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Citrobacter freudii, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella oxytoca, Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella enterica, Serratia macrescens, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, as listed in Table 1 . B. cereus and E. coli bacterial cultures were also obtained from the Carolina Biological Supply Company (Burlington, NC, USA). E. coli and B. cereus were inoculated in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium and grown at 37 °C. A hemocytometer and a compound light microscope were used to obtain cell counts. Human HL-60 DNA was also tested in the specificity studies and was obtained from ATCC.
Klebsiella oxytoca
Manufactured by American Type Culture Collection
Sourced in United States
Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. It is a species of the Klebsiella genus and is commonly found in the environment, such as in soil and water, as well as in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Bacillus subtilis, by American Type Culture Collection (3 mentions)
Escherichia coli, by American Type Culture Collection (3 mentions)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by American Type Culture Collection (3 mentions)
Staphylococcus aureus, by American Type Culture Collection (2 mentions)
Bacillus cereus, by American Type Culture Collection (2 mentions)
Shigella flexneri, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Listeria monocytogenes, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Micrococcus luteus, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
E coli, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Enterobacter aerogenes, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Bacillus megaterium, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Staphylococcus saprophyticus, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Salmonella enterica, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Penicillium chrysogenum, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Proteus vulgaris, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Klebsiella pneumoniae, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polycaprolactone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Streptococcus mutans, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
5 protocols using klebsiella oxytoca
1
Bacterial DNA Extraction and Specificity
2
Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
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Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 51,983, Escherichia coli ATCC 35,218, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11,778, and Penicillium chrysogenum ATCC 48,271 were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). In this study, the green synthesis of CuONPs was accomplished by filtrate of Penicillium chrysogenum.
3
Antimicrobial Evaluation of Plant Extracts
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The plant extracts were individually tested against 10 human pathogenic bacteria: the 5 Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), Streptococcus gallolyticus (ATCC 49147), and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 554231) and the five Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella oxytoca (ATCC 49131), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 49132), Salmonella enteritidis (MTCC 125239), and Escherichia coli (MTCC 423155). The bacterial strains were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific. The bacterial strains were cultured overnight at 37°C in nutrient broth. The cultures were then maintained at 4°C and were subcultured prior to analysis.
4
Assessing Klebsiella Host Range of Phage
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To assess whether the phage could lyse other Klebsiella strains, a serial dilution series of the phage stock (~109 PFU mL-1) was completed. 10 μL of each dilution was spotted directly onto a lawn culture of the Klebsiella strains which had been identified as described above (Table 1 ). Klebsiella oxytoca (ATCC 13182) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883) obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Washington DC, USA) were also used in the host range experiments, as were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (which were part of our laboratory culture collection). The observation of plaques on the lawn culture indicated that the phage was able to infect and lyse the host. The PFU (counts per mL) for each strain were also compared to that of the original host to determine the relative efficiency of plating.
5
Antibacterial Polymer Composites Synthesis
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All the chemicals used were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich:
copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2), poly ∊-caprolactone with an
average molecular weight of 80 000, N, gallic acid (≥97.5%), dimethylformamide
(DMF; ≥98.5), and tetrahydrofuran (THF; ≥99.5%). All chemical reagents were used
as received. Muüller-Hinton broth and agar plates were used for antibacterial
test. Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Streptococcus
mutans (ATCC25175), Klebsiella oxytoca(ATCC13182), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923),
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), and Bacillus
subtilis (ATCC19163) microorganisms were obtained from American
Type Culture Collection.
copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2), poly ∊-caprolactone with an
average molecular weight of 80 000, N, gallic acid (≥97.5%), dimethylformamide
(DMF; ≥98.5), and tetrahydrofuran (THF; ≥99.5%). All chemical reagents were used
as received. Muüller-Hinton broth and agar plates were used for antibacterial
test. Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Streptococcus
mutans (ATCC25175), Klebsiella oxytoca(ATCC13182), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923),
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), and Bacillus
subtilis (ATCC19163) microorganisms were obtained from American
Type Culture Collection.
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