Perfluoropentane pfp

Human hepatic stellate cells line LX2 and human HCC cells line HCCLM3 were supplied by the Institute of Chinese Academy of Science, China. LX2 and HCCLM3 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% and 15% fetal bovine serum, respectively, and 1% antibiotics. All these cells were cultured at 37°C in 5% CO₂. 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC),1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3phosphocholine,1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG (2000)), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (DPPG), cholesterol, and Perfluoropentane (PFP) were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pirfenidone (PFD) was obtained from Aladdin Chemistry, Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Rhodamine B (RB) was provided from MCE (New Jersey, USA).

4-Cyano-4-(thiobenzoylthio)pentanoic acid (CTPBA); 1H, 1H-pentafluoro-N-propyl methacrylate (PFPMA); methacrylic acid (MAA); poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA); azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN); perfluoropentane (PFP); and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA); CCK-8 and RPMI 1640 medium were purchased from Mishushengwu Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Xi’an, China); FBS was purchased from Sijiqing Biological Engineering Materials Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China); and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was purchased from Meryer Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All reagents were used as received without additional treatment.

Huh7 and HCCLM3 human HCC cells were supplied by the Institute of Chinese Academy of Science, China. HepG2 cells were supplied by the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). All these cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics at 37 °C in 5% CO₂. Cu₁₂Sb₄S₁₃ nanoparticles were kindly provided by Chongshen Guo from the Key Laboratory of Microsystem and Microstructure in the Harbin Institute of Technology. mPEG5000-PLGA (MW: 15 kDa) was purchased from Jinan Daigang Bio-Technology, Inc. (Jinan, China). Perfluoropentane (PFP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, 99% MW = 30,000–70,000 Da) were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chloroform (CHCl₃) and isopropyl alcohol were obtained from Chongqing East Chemical Industry Ltd., Co. (Chongqing, China). A Calcein-AM/ propidium iodide (PI) double staining kit was purchased from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). PD98059 was obtained from MCE (New Jersey, USA).