Cortisol

Manufactured by Steraloids

Sourced in United States

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland. It is used in the laboratory setting as a reference standard for the measurement and analysis of cortisol levels in biological samples.

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Lab products found in correlation

Cortisone, by Steraloids (3 mentions) 11 dhc, by Steraloids (2 mentions) Progesterone, by Steraloids (2 mentions) Zearalenone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Male sprague dawley rats, by Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center (1 mentions) Male sprague dawley rat, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions) 1 2 6 7 3h cortisol 3h cortisol, by DuPont (1 mentions) Aldosterone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ici 182 780, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Dihydrotestosterone dht, by Steraloids (1 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Glucose 6 phosphate (g6p), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Nadph, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dehydroepiandrosterone, by Steraloids (1 mentions) Epiallopregnanolone sulfate pm5s, by Steraloids (1 mentions) Ls174t cells, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions) Minimum essential media, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Lipofectamine ltx, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Corticosterone, by Steraloids (1 mentions)

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Epi-cortisol (2 citations)

7 protocols using cortisol

Radiolabeled Steroid Metabolism Study

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[1,2-³H]-Corticosterone (³H-corticosterone) (specific activity: 40 Ci/mmol) and [1,2,6,7-³H(N)]-cortisol (specific activity: 70–100 Ci/mmol) were purchased from DuPont-New England Nuclear (Boston, MA). [1,2-³H]-11-Dehydrocorticosterone (³H-11DHC) and [1,2,6,7-³H(N)]-cortisone were prepared from labeled ³H-corticosterone or ³H-cortisol as described earlier [13 (link)]. Unlabeled corticosterone, 11DHC, cortisol, and cortisone were purchased from Steraloids (Wilton, NH). Zearalenone was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g) were purchased from Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center (Shanghai, China). The experimental protocol was approved by the Wenzhou Medical University's Animal Care and Use Committee. Human liver microsomes were purchased from BD Gentest (NJ, USA). Full-term human placentas were obtained from the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University under the approval of the Ethics Committee of the hospital.

Li L., Wu X., Guan H., Mao B., Wang H., Yuan X., Chu Y., Sun J, & Ge R.S. (2015). Zearalenone Inhibits Rat and Human 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2. BioMed Research International, 2015, 283530.

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Radiolabeled Steroid Hormone Synthesis

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[1, 2, 6, 7-³H] Corticosterone (³H-CORT) and [1, 2, 6, 7-³H] cortisol (³H-cortisol) were purchased from Dupont-New England Nuclear (Boston, MA). ³H-11Dehydrocorticosterone (³H-11DHC) and ³H-cortisone were prepared from labeled ³H-CORT or ³H-cortisol as described earlier and the purity was over 98%, which was determined by the radiometry [12 (link)]. Cold CORT, 11DHC, cortisol and cortisone were purchased from Steraloids (Newport, RI). S3483 was a gift from Aventis Pharma Deutschland. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g) were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). Human liver microsomes were purchased from Gentest (Woburn, MA). Human male testes were obtained from National Disease Research Interchange (Philadelphia, PA). The ethane dimethanesulfonate (EDS) was a gift from Dr. L. Earl Gray, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC; purchased from Radion Co.).

Li X., Hu G., Li X., Wang Y.Y., Hu Y.Y., Zhou H., Latif S.A., Morris D.J., Chu Y., Zheng Z, & Ge R.S. (2015). Metabolic Coupling Determines the Activity: Comparison of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 and Its Coupling between Liver Parenchymal Cells and Testicular Leydig Cells. PLoS ONE, 10(11), e0141767.

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Uterine Epithelial Cell Hormone Responses

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Estradiol-17β (E₂; Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA), progesterone (P₄; Calbiochem), dihydrotestosterone (DHT; Steraloids, Inc., Wilton, NH), cortisol (Steraloids, Inc.), aldosterone (Sigma-Aldrich), ICI 182,780 (Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, MO) were each dissolved in 100% ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich), evaporated to dryness, and resuspended in either DMEM/F-12 + 10% stripped FBS or Cellgro. An equivalent amount of 100% ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich) was evaporated in vials prior to the addition of media to control for residues present in the ethanol. When polarized uterine epithelial cells reached high TER, media was removed and replaced with fresh media either alone or containing E₂ or P₄. In experiments with freshly isolated uterine epithelial cells, E₂, P₄, DHT, cortisol, or aldosterone was added directly to the epithelial cells in the 96-well plates. In some studies, hormones were added concurrently with KGF to determine their effect on KGF-mediated effects on uterine epithelial cell CCL20 and CXCL1 secretion. In experiments blocking the estrogen receptor, ICI 182,780 was added prior to the addition of estradiol. ICI 182,780 was used at a concentration 100-fold greater than the concentration of estradiol.

Haddad S.N, & Wira C.R. (2014). Estradiol Regulation of Constitutive and Keratinocyte Growth Factor-induced CCL20 and CXCL1 Secretion by Mouse Uterine Epithelial Cells. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 72(1), 34-44.

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Comparative Enzymatic Kinetics of BPA Analogs on 11β-HSD1

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11-dehydrocorticosterone (DHC), corticosterone (CORT), cortisone, and cortisol were obtained from Steraloids (Newport, RI, USA), BPA (CAS#: 80-05-7, CAT# 239658, purity 99%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), G6P, and NADPH from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), 4,4′-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(2-isopropylphenol) (BPG, CAS# 127-54-8, CAT# BD297061, purity 95%), 4,4′-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(methoxybenzene) (BPAME, CAS# 1568-83-8, CAT# R118631, purity 95%) and 2,2′-diallyl BPA (DABPA, CAS# 1745-89-7, CAT# R039218, purity 85%) from Rhawn (Shanghai, China), 2,2-bis(2-hydroxy-5-biphenylyl)propane (BPH, CAS# 24038-68-4, CAT# B2750, purity 98%) and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane (DMBPA, CAS# 79-97-0, CAT# B1567, purity > 98%) from TCI (Shanghai, China), and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propane (TMBPA, CAS# 5613-46-7, CAT# 409830, purity 98%) from JK Chemical (Beijing, China). The human 11β-HSD1 enzyme in the human liver microsome (CAT# H2610) was obtained from Iphase (Beijing, China). The rat 11β-HSD1 enzyme in the rat liver microsome was prepared from livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats (age 3 months) from Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center (Shanghai, China) under the approval of the Wenzhou Medical University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (wydw2020-0801).

Wang H., Sang J., Ji Z., Yu Y., Wang S., Zhu Y., Li H., Wang Y., Zhu Q, & Ge R. (2023). Bisphenol A Analogues Inhibit Human and Rat 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Depending on Its Lipophilicity. Molecules, 28(13), 4894.

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Transfection and Treatment of LS174T Cells

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Human colon adenocarcinoma LS174T cells (ATCC, Manassas, VA) were cultured in 24-well plates with phenol red-free Minimum Essential Media (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO₂. On day 4, cells were transiently transfected with the pCMV-ICIS human NR1H4/FXR plasmid (LS174T-FXR, Open Biosystems, Huntsville, AL) (Li et al., 2012) using Lipofectamine LTX according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (ThermoFisher Scientific, Rockford, IL). On day 5, cells were cultured in media supplemented with 10% charcoal stripped fetal bovine serum and treated with vehicle (0.1% DMSO), 0.1 μM 17β-estradiol, 1 μM progesterone, 7 μM epiallopregnanolone-sulfate (PM5S, Steraloids, Newport, RI), 0.3 μM placental lactogen (NHPP, Torrance, CA), 13.3 nM testosterone, 7 pM growth hormone, 0.8 μM cortisol or 50 nM dehydroepiandrosterone (Steraloids), concentrations that represent third trimester levels in humans (Abu-Hayyeh et al., 2010 (link); Jeong, 2010 (link)). Total RNA was collected from cells on day 6.

Moscovitz J.E., Yarmush G., Herrera-Garcia G., Guo G.L, & Aleksunes L.M. (2017). Differential Regulation of Intestinal Efflux Transporters by Pregnancy in Mice. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 47(11), 989-997.

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Steroid Quantification Protocol

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All reagents used were HPLC analytical grade quality. Purified steroids used for EIA, HPLC and cross-reactant testing were purchased from Steraloids (Newport, RI; corticosterone (Kendall’s compound ‘B’; Q1550-000), cortisol (Kendall’s compound ‘F’; Q3880-000); cortisone (Kendall’s compound ‘E’; Q2500-000); 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHC; Q3690-000); desoxycorticosterone (DOC; Q3460-000); corticosterone 21-hemisuccinate (B-21-HS; Q1562-000); corticosterone 21-acetate (B-21-OAc; Q1552-000); 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate oxime (P1510-000); progesterone (P4; Q2600-000)).

Wheaton C.J., Mylniczenko N.D., Rimoldi J.M., Gadepalli R.S., Hart R., O’Hara B.R, & Evans A.N. (2018). Challenges, pitfalls and surprises: development and validation of a monoclonal antibody for enzyme immunoassay of the steroid 1α-hydroxycorticosterone in elasmobranch species. General and comparative endocrinology, 265, 83-89.

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Steroid Standards Characterization

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Lyophilized pure standard E2, E1, 17OHP5, DHT, pregnenolone, progesterone, 17OH-progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, epitestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol were from Steraloids (Newport, RI, USA); E2-[2,3,4-13 C3] ( 13 C3-E2, isotopic purity >99% 13 C) and estrone-[2,3,4-13 C3] ( 13 C3-E1, isotopic purity >99% 13 C), methanol-[ 2 H4] (D4-methanol, isotopic purity 99.96% D) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Certified reference standard E2, E1, DHT, 17OHP5 and DHT- [16,16,17-2 H3] (D3-DHT; isotopic purity: 96.15% D3, 0.91% D0/D3) were from Cerilliant (Round Rock, Texas). D3-17OH-pregnenolone (d3-17OHP5, 97% D) was from CDN Isotopes (Pointe Claire, Canada). Lichrosolv grade methanol, ethyl-acetate and N-hexane, granular food-grade activated charcoal were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was produced by MilliQ Gradient A10 system (Millipore, Volketswil, Switzerland) supplied with double-distilled H2O.

Mezzullo M., Pelusi C., Fazzini A., Repaci A., Di Dalmazi G., Gambineri A., Pagotto U, & Fanelli F. (2020). Female and male serum reference intervals for challenging sex and precursor steroids by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 197.

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