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8 protocols using malondialdehyde mda assay kit

1

Antioxidant and Liver Enzyme Assays

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BCA, selenium, and sodium meta-arsenite were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase kits were obtained from Asan Pharmaceuticals (Seoul, Korea). Glutathione, free fatty acid (FFA), phospholipids (PL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) assay kits were procured from BioAssay Systems (Hayward, CA, USA). A malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kit was purchased from BioVision (Hayward, CA, USA). The rest of the chemicals utilized in the present study were obtained from local firms in South Korea and were of analytical grade.
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2

Neurochemical Assays in Biological Samples

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Fluvoxamine (ref: 633956), Temgesic (ref: 5591), and Biotaine (ref: 0501291) were purchased from Pharmed Pharmaceuticals LTD (Rochdale Park, Durban, South Africa). Desipramine (ref: D3900), atropine (ref: 106026), pentobarbital (ref: 102038), and 6-OHDA (ref: MKBX4996V) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO, USA). The corticosterone ELISA kit (ref: RE52211), the dopamine ELISA kit (ref: RE59161), and the serotonin ELISA kit (ref: RE59121) were all purchased from IBL International GmbH (Hamburg, Germany). The malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kit (ref: K739-100) was from BioVision (Centurion, South Africa). The method of determination of all the assays used in this study was based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods that target antigen (or antibody) capture in samples using a specific antibody (or antigen) and target molecule detection/quantitation using an enzyme reaction with its substrate. This simple and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of corticosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA), dopamine, and serotonin levels in blood and brain tissues.
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3

Analyzing Cardiac Biomarkers and Oxidative Stress

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Activity analysis of creatine kinase-myoglobin (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in myocardial tissues was performed using the commercially available Creatine Kinase Activity Assay Kit and LDH Assay Kit (Abcam, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. We used the Malondialdehyde (MDA) Assay Kit, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Assay Kit, Catalase (CAT) Activity Assay Kit, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity Assay Kit purchased from Abcam to measure the levels of MDA, GPx, CAT, and SOD, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
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4

Liver Metabolic Biomarker Assays

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Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were determined in sera colorimetrically using an ALT Activity colorimetric Assay Kit and an AST Activity colorimetric Assay Kit (Biovision, Milpitas, CA) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Lipid peroxidation was quantified in liver tissue using a colorimetric Malondialdehyde (MDA) Assay kit (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production was measured in liver tissue using the ENLITEN® ATP Assay System (Promega, Madison, WI) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Cellular total glutathione (GSH) was measured in liver tissue using the GSH/GSSG-GloTM assay kit (Promega, Madison, WI) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Assays were measured using the POLARstar Omega microplate reader (BMG Labtech, Ortenberg, Germany).
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5

Lipid Peroxidation Quantification

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Lipid peroxidation was measured using a lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde, MDA) assay kit (Abcam). Briefly, cell lysate was mixed with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) solution at 95°C for 60 min to generate an MDA-TBA adduct. Then, the reaction mix was analyzed with a microplate reader colorimetrically at OD = 532 nm. The MDA signal was normalized to protein quantification.
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6

Alloxan and Tolbutamide: Evaluating Lipid and Oxidative Profiles

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Alloxan and tolbutamide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kits were bought from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay kits were bought from BioVision (Milpitas, CA, USA). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) assay kit was purchased from Abnova (Taipei, Taiwan). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade. Male SD rats were purchased from the Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences (Beijing, China), and they were housed under a temperature controlled at 25 ± 1 °C on a 12-h light/dark cycle. The rats were fed on pelleted food, and tap water was available ad libitum. All experimental rats were in compliance with the ethical recommendations and guidelines for the care of laboratory animals and the animal permit number is SYXK(Beijing)2016-0005.
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7

Sinomenine Modulates Inflammatory Signaling

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Sinomenine was purchased from Roche (SIN, Roche Pharma, China). BK was obtained from Peptide Institute, Inc. (Osaka, Japan). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), streptomycin, penicillin, glutamine, and sodium pyruvate were obtained from Gibco/Invitrogen, Inc. (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Primary antibodies: anti-TNF-α (1: 1000; cat. no. 3707), anti-IL-1β (1: 1000; cat. no. 12703), anti-IL-6 (1: 1000; cat. no. 12153), anti- phosphorylated-p38 (p-p38) (1: 1000; cat. no. 1170), and β-actin (1: 5000; cat no. 4970) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., (Danvers, MA, USA) and anti-phosphorylated-NF-κB (65) (p-NF-κB) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). We obtained anti-Nrf2 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA), anti-HO-1 was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (USA), and anti-NQO-1 was obtained from Novus biological (USA). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). IL-1β (cat. no. E-EL-H0149c), IL-6 (cat. no. E-EL-H0102c), and TNF-α (cat. no. E-EL-H0109c) ELISA kits were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, Hubei, China). Malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kits (cat no. ab118970) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay kits (cat no. ab65354) were purchased from Abcam (USA).
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8

Comprehensive Metabolic Assays for Cellular Analysis

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), were purchased from MyBioSource (CA, United States). PKA (protein kinase A) colorimetric activity kit. Dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and caspase-3 assay kit were obtained from ThermoFisher Scientific (CA, United States). Total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) assay kits, total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay kits, malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kits, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) assay kits, and 8-hydroxy 2 deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) assay kits were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom). ELISAPLUS kit was purchased from Roche Applied Science (Mannheim, Germany). Caspase 3/7 activity using a kit from Promega (WI, United States). Total collagen assay kit and soluble collagen assay kit were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom). Phosphorylated (P−) AMPK, total (T−) AMPK, antibodies, and β-actin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (MA, United States). p53, cAMP, PKA, NRF2, HO-1, α-SMA, fibronectin, and phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom). Compound C was obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Texas, United States). An AAV9 system harboring shPDE5D, shRNA, miR-223-3p mimic, miR-223-3p mimic inhibitor, or negative control was generated by HanBio Technology (Shanghai, China).
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