1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine dppe

Manufactured by Avanti Polar Lipids

Sourced in United States

1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) is a synthetic phospholipid commonly used in laboratory research. It is a major component of biological membranes and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other phospholipids. DPPE can be utilized for various applications in cell biology, biophysics, and membrane research.

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Lab products found in correlation

1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine dppc 1 2 distearoyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine n methoxy polyethylene glycol 2000 dspe peg2000, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions) Oleic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Palmitic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Stearic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 1 2 dimyristoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine dmpc, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions) Glycerol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 1 2 dibehenoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions) Pluronic l10, by BASF (1 mentions) Oxpapc, by InvivoGen (1 mentions) Streptomyces chromofuscus, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions) L α phosphatidylcholine egg pc, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions) Alexa fluor 488 goat anti mouse igg, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Dulbecco s phosphate buffered saline, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Deuterium oxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cholesterol ch, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

6 protocols using 1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine dppe

Fluorescent-Labeled CAR Peptide Conjugation

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Cholesterol, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(poly ethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀); and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. (Alabaster, AL). N-Succinimidyl 1,3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP) was obtained from Molecular Biosciences (Boulder, CO). Carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled CAR peptide (currently licensed by Vascular BioSciences, Durham, NC) containing an extra cysteine for conjugation through the free sulfhydryl was custom synthesized (LifeTein, LLC, Somerset, Nj). The empirical formula for the fluorescent-labeled CAR is FAM-Cys-6-aminohexanoic acid-(CARSKNKDC)-amide. The extra cysteine was used for attaching the fluorescent probe and thus to keep the cyclic form of the peptide intact, which occurs via a disulfide bridge between Cys1 and Cys9. All other chemicals, purchased either from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA) or Sigma-Aldrich Inc. (St Louis, MO), were of analytical grades and used without further purification. Diseased and control endothelial (ECs), SMC, and fibroblast cells (FBCs) were either isolated from the pulmonary arteries of Sugen/hypoxia-induced-PAH rats by Cell Biologic Inc. (Chicago, IL) or purchased from the same vendor. All media supplements were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA).

Keshavarz A., Alobaida A., McMurtry I.F., Nozik-Grayck E., Stenmark K.R, & Ahsan F. (2019). CAR, a Homing Peptide, Prolongs Pulmonary Preferential Vasodilation by Increasing Pulmonary Retention and Reducing Systemic Absorption of Liposomal Fasudil. Molecular pharmaceutics, 16(8), 3414-3429.

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Optimizing Chocolate Formulations with Lipids

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After the refining processes, various phospholipids, MAGs, and FFAs were added to the CB. Cocoa butter was melted at 80 °C for 15 min, and the minor components were mixed in by hand until fully dissolved. Chocolate samples were molten in a double boiler at 60 °C and minor components added and mixed by hand until fully dissolved. Minor components were fully incorporated within 5 min of mixing. 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) (Avanti Polar-Lipids, Alabaster, Alabama, USA) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) (Avanti Polar-Lipids, Alabaster, Alabama, USA) were each added to refined CB at 0.1% w/w levels. Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) (Alphadim 90 SBK from Caravan Ingredients, Lenexa, Kansas, USA), glyceryl monopalmitate (GMP) (Alphadim 90 PBK from Caravan Ingredients, Lenexa, Kansas, USA), and glyceryl monooleate (GMO) (1-monoolein, Alfa Chemistry, New York, USA) were added at 0.5% w/w levels. Gas chromatography revealed that the GMS was mainly Stearic acid (88.3%), the GMP was not only palmitic acid (56.9%) but also had significant amounts of Stearic acid (40.5%), and GMO was mainly oleic acid (81.8% oleic acid). Stearic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid (Fisher Scientific Company, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada), as free fatty acids, were added at 0.5% w/w levels. DMPC and DPPE were added to the chocolate samples at 0.1% (w/w) levels.

Chen J., Ghazani S.M., Stobbs J.A, & Marangoni A.G. (2021). Tempering of cocoa butter and chocolate using minor lipidic components. Nature Communications, 12, 5018.

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Nanobubble Synthesis Protocol

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Materials for nanobubble synthesis are same as described in a previous study^{22 (link)}. Lipids 1,2-dibehenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DBPC), 1,2 Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphate (DPPA), and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). 1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethyleneglycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) (mPEG-DSPE) was obtained from Laysan Lipids (Arab, AL, USA). Pluronic L10 was obtained from BASF Corporation (Florham Park, NJ, USA) and glycerol was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All chemicals were used directly without further purification. Octafluoropropane (C₃F₈) gas was obtained from FluoroMed, L.P. (Round Rock, TX, USA).

Cheng B., Bing C, & Chopra R. (2019). The effect of transcranial focused ultrasound target location on the acoustic feedback control performance during blood-brain barrier opening with nanobubbles. Scientific Reports, 9, 20020.

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TLR2 Binding Assay Protocol

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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine
(DPPE) and egg PC (l-α-phosphatidylcholine) were purchased
from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). Recombinant mouse TLR2-Fc
protein was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Phospholipase
D (PLD) from Streptomyces sp. and Streptomyces chromofuscus were obtained from Enzo
Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY). Horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat
anti-human IgG Fc antibody was purchased from Millipore (Billerica,
MA). ABTS solution substrate for horseradish peroxidase was from Invitrogen
(Grand Island, NY). OxPAPC was from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA). The
fluorenemethyl ester of 3,6-dioxohexanoic acid (DOHA-Fm), CEP-modified
human serum albumin (CEP-HSA) and chicken egg ovalbumin (CEP-CEO),
and polyclonal rabbit anti-CEP-KLH antibody were prepared as described
previously.^{1 (link)} Mouse anti-human TLR2 LEAF
antibody (CD282) was from BioLegend (San Diego, CA). Calcein AM and
Accutase were from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Goat anti-mouse
IgG-AlexaFluor 488 was from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). All other chemicals
were from Sigma-Aldrich and were analytical grade.

Wang H., Guo J., West X.Z., Bid H.K., Lu L., Hong L., Jang G.F., Zhang L., Crabb J.W., Linetsky M, & Salomon R.G. (2014). Detection and Biological Activities of Carboxyethylpyrrole Ethanolamine Phospholipids (CEP-EPs). Chemical Research in Toxicology, 27(12), 2015-2022.

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Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract Purification

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ChemicalsExtract from Glycyrhizza glabra roots from FLOS (Mokrsko, Poland) was obtained by methanol extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. Then, the extract was subjected to two nanofiltration processes, first using a 3-kDa (Merckmilipore, Darmstadt, Germany) membrane, then, the second, with the use of a 0.5-kDa membrane (TriSep, Sterlitech, Auburn, WA, USA). The process was conducted using Amicon Stirred Cell with a total volume of 200 mL (Merkmilipore). As a result, two fractions of extracts were used during the research, crude extract marked as GgC and purified extract (with molecules size between 3 kDa and 0.5 kDa), GgP.
In the presented studies, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE, 99%; from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA)) was used as the film and liposome forming substance. Chloroform of high-purity Uvasol (Merck, Warszawa, Poland) was used to prepare the Langmuir monolayer. Dulbecco′s Phosphate Buffered Saline (Sigma Aldrich, Poznań wielkopolskie, Poland) was applied as a solvent to prepare saponins solution or as a subphase.
Deuterium oxide was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).

Rojewska M., Smułek W., Grzywaczyk A., Kaczorek E, & Prochaska K. (2023). Study of Interactions between Saponin Biosurfactant and Model Biological Membranes: Phospholipid Monolayers and Liposomes. Molecules, 28(4), 1965.

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Encapsulated Lipid Particle Preparation

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ELIP were prepared and shipped overnight on ice packs from the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston to the University of Cincinnati. The lipid formulation as described by Buchanan et al. (2008) (link) consisted of L-α-phosphatidylcholine (chicken egg; EPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phosphor-rac-1-glycerol] (DPPG), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) (Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA), and cholesterol (CH) (Sigma Aldrich St. Louis, MO, USA) in the molar ratio 27:42:8:8:15. Each 6 mg ELIP vial was reconstituted with 0.6 ml of 0.2 μm-filtered deionized water (NANOPure, Barnstead International, Dubuque, IA, USA). ELIP were diluted in porcine plasma (Lampire Biologicals, Pipersville, PA, USA) at 37 °C and 93 ± 2 % dissolved oxygen (DO) to yield a final lipid concentration of 0.05 mg/ml (6.4×10⁸ liposomes/ml) (Hamilton et al. 2004 (link); Smith et al. 2007 (link); Kopechek et al. 2011 (link); Raymond et al. 2013 ).

Radhakrishnan K., Haworth K.J., Peng T., McPherson D.D, & Holland C.K. (2014). Loss of echogenicity and onset of cavitation from echogenic liposomes: pulse repetition frequency independence. Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 41(1), 208-221.

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