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7 protocols using cd11a

1

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry of Splenocytes

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Single-cell suspensions of splenocytes were surface stained with combinations of fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies that were specific for CD4 (clone RM4-5), CD8 (53–6.7), CD19 (6D5), B220 (RA3-6B2), CD11a (M17/4), KLRG1 (2F1/KLRG1), CD127 (A7R34), Thy1.1 (HIS51), CCR7 (4B12), ICOS (7E.17G9), CD20 (AISB12), MHC II (M5/114/15/2), F4/80 (BM8), and Ly6c (HK1.4). CXCR5 was detected through a 3-step staining protocol (45 (link)) using purified rat anti-CXCR5 (clone2G8), biotin-anti-rat IgG (polyclonal sera), then streptavidin-allophycocyanin (Invitrogen). Monomers or Streptavidin-APC-conjugated tetramers (DbGP33-41 and I-AbGP67) were provided by the NIH Tetramer core facility at Emory University. The intracellular staining (ICCS) assay was performed by culturing splenocytes with or without LCMV peptide in the presence of brefeldin A. After 5 h of incubation, cells were stained for surface markers, washed, fixed with formaldehyde, then permeabilized and exposed to mAbs specific for IFN-γ (XMG1.2), IL-2 (JES6-5H4), T-bet (4B10), and TNF (MP6-XT22). Antibody stained cells were detected by a FACSCalibur cytometer (BD Biosciences) and the data were analyzed with FlowJo software (Tree Star). All listed mAbs above were purchased from Biolegend, except for CXCR5 (BD Biosciences) and CD11a (eBioscience).
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mouse Tumor and Liver Tissue

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Tumor and adjacent liver tissue from mice were fixed in 4% formalin for 48 hours, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned into 3- to 5-μm slices. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse tumor and adjacent liver sections were deparaffinized, hydrated, and incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C. Sections were stained with the following primary antibodies: keratin 19 (KRT19) (#12434; Cell Signaling), pan-keratin (#4545S; Cell Signaling), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (#ab181604; Abcam), CD8a (#MA1-70041; Thermo Fisher), CD11a (#48-0111-82; eBioscience), and Ki67 APC-labeled (#652406; BioLegend). For immunohistochemistry, the VECTASTAIN Elite ABC-HRP Kit, peroxidase (mouse/rabbit/rat IgG) (#PK-6102/6101/6104; Vector Laboratories), and ImmPACT DAB Substrate Kit, peroxidase (HRP) (#SK-4105; Vector Laboratories) were used. Nuclei were counterstained with hematoxylin. Images were captured with a Zeiss AXIO Scope A1 (Zeiss). For immunofluorescence, goat anti-mouse/rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488/568 (#A-11001/A-11011; Thermo Fisher) were used. Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst. Images were captured with a LSM780 confocal microscope (Zeiss) and analyzed with Fiji.
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3

Whole Blood Cytometry of Immune Markers

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Whole blood samples from healthy controls and patients were collected into EDTA tubes (Vacutainer; BD Biosciences). Aliquots (100 μl) of whole blood were incubated for 15 min at ambient (room) temperature with the following antibodies: CD11b, CD11b (activation epitope) (eBioscience), CD11a, CD11c, CD16, CD18, CD32 CD45, or CD63, CD62L, CD63, CD64 (BD Biosciences). The tubes were treated with OptiLyse C (Beckman Coulter Inc) for 10 min at room temperature to lyse the erythrocytes, washed twice, and then analyzed on the BD FACSCanto II cytometer (BD Biosciences). Expression, as measured by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), was measured for each surface antigen.
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4

Phenotypic Analysis of Lymphocytes

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The lymphocyte suspensions (2×106 cells/ml) were incubated with saturating concentrations (10 μg/mL) of monoclonal anti-human CD57 (eBioscience), CD28 (eBioscience), CD62L (eBioscience), CD11a (eBioscience), CD45RA (eBioscience), or CD45RO (eBioscience) conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or anti-rabbit IgG (eBioscience) control antibody conjugated to FITC in the dark for 30 min at 4 °C. Lymphocytes treated with the control antibody were utilized to correct for background fluorescence. After fixation with 2% formaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS), the fluorescence recorded from 10,000 events representing the lymphocytes was calculated using a single-color FACScan flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson), as described in our previous study5 (link).
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5

Modulation of NK Cell Activity

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NK cells were pre-incubated with mAbs antibodies specific to CD226/DNAM-1 (clone: 11A8, BioLegend), CD11a (clone: TS1/22, Thermo Fisher Scientific) at a final concentration of 10 μg/mL or with the matched isotype control (BioLegend, mouse IgG1, κ isotype clone: MOPC-21) for 1 h prior to co-culture. mouse IgG1, κ anti-IFN-α antibody (clone: ST29, abcam) and anti-human IL-18 R α/IL-1 R5 Antibody (clone: 70625, R&D Systems) were used at a final concentration at 2.5 µg/ml. IL-12Rβ2 Ab (Cat #: AF1959-SP, R&D Systems) was used at a final concentration of 83.33 µg/mL. Goat polyclonal to human IL-15R (Cat #: PA5–46991, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and goat IgG isotype control antibody (Cat#: 31245, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used at a final concentration of 4 µg/mL. mouse IgG1, κ anti-human CD119 IFN-γ receptor chain (clone: GIR-208, BD Pharmingen) was used at a final concentration of 50 µg/mL. Human IFN-γ monoclonal antibody (clone: NIB42, eBioscience) was used at a final concentration of 4 µg/mL. Purified NA/LE Rat anti-human IL-2 (clone MQ1–17H12, BD Pharmingen) and purified NA/LE Rat isotype control (clone: R35–95, BD Pharmingen) were used at a final concentration of 4 µg/mL. Recombinant human IL-2 protein (Cat# 202-IL-010, R&D Systems) was added at a final concentration of 10 U/mL.
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6

Quantification of Splenocyte Subsets

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One week following the final vaccination, splenocyte suspensions were transferred to tubes. To tubes containing 1 × 106 cells splenocytes, we added an antibody cocktail (CD45 + CD3+ CD11a/CD11c; CD45 (56-0451-82; Thermofisher), CD3 (47-0031-82; Thermofisher), CD11a (101120; Biolegend), and CD11c (117349; Biolegend)). Following incubation at RT in the dark for 20–30 min, the cells were washed and analyzed by flow cytometry.
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7

Blocking Adhesion Molecule Interactions

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Blocking antibodies (10 μg/ml) against CD11a (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), CD11b (eBioscience, San Diego, CA), CD11c (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), and CD18 (R&D Systems) were used on M2a macrophages, and an ICAM-1 blocking antibody (R&D Systems) was used on A549 aggregates. Cells were incubated with respective blocking antibodies for 1 h prior to mixing with the collagen gel solution and then injected into the microfluidic device. The blocking antibody was also added to culture media in the microfluidic lateral channels. Cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% PenStrep that was inactivated by heating at 56°C for 45 min (decomplemented). Aggregate dispersion was evaluated at 0 h and 12 h and macrophage speed at 0 h and 6 h.
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