Thy broth

We used the following bacterial species: Streptococcus agalactiae ATCC 12403, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC 43300, Klebsiella pneumoniae Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) ATCC 700603, Acinetobacter baumanii ATCC19606, and Enterococcus faecium (VRE) DSM17050. Bacteria were cultured at 37 °C/5% CO₂ in liquid THY broth (Todd-Hewitt Broth, Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract (BD, Miami, FA, USA). Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 (DSM 19882) was cultivated in liquid Müller–Hinton–Broth (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) at 37 °C, under orbital shaking at 160 rpm.
In addition, the employed Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 27294 (Mtb) was grown in 7H9-medium containing 7H9 BBL Middlebrook broth (BD), glycerol (Honeywell, Charlotte, NC, USA) OADC (Oelic Albumin Dextrose Catalase; BD), Tween 80 (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), and ddH₂O. The pH was adjusted between 7.2–7.4 and sterile filtration was performed with a 0.2-µm filter membrane (Thermo Scientific^TM Nalgene^TM Rapid-Flow^TM, Thermo Scientific, Bremen, Germany).

Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) was grown in suspension with constant gentle rotation in roller bottles (Corning, Corning, NY, United States) containing Middlebrook 7H9 broth (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NK, United States) supplemented with 1% glycerol (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), 0.05% Tween 80 (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), and 10% Middlebrook oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase enrichment (BD Biosciences, OADC). Aliquots from logarithmically growing cultures were frozen at −80°C in 7H9 broth with 20% glycerol, and representative vials were thawed and enumerated for viable colony forming units (CFU) on Middlebrook 7H11 plates (BD Biosciences). Staining of bacterial suspensions with fluorochromic substrates differentiating between live and dead bacteria (BacLight, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, United States) revealed a viability of the bacteria >90%. Thawed aliquots were sonicated in a water bath for 10 min at 40 kHz and 110 W before use. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 7000603), and Escherichia coli DH5α (Law and Kelly, 1995 (link)) were cultured in liquid THY broth (Oxoid, ThermoFisher Scientific, Schwerte, Germany) supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract (BD Biosciences) at 37°C overnight in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere.