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109 protocols using tecnai 20

1

Multimodal Characterization of Nanomaterials

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TEM and EDX spectroscopy analyses were performed using a Tecnai 20 operated at 200 kV (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). TEM samples were prepared by placing one drop colloidal solution onto 200 square mesh copper grids with carbon film (Electron Microscopy Science, Hatfield, PA, USA) followed by negative staining with 2% (w/v) uranyl acetate solution and air‐drying for 1 h. TEM images were obtained using a charge coupled device (CCD) camera and FEI‐imaging software installed in the Tecnai 20. For EDX spectrum, the detected signal was plotted as a function of characteristic energy. Absorbance spectra of 3p3 immunoassay solutions was analyzed with a TECAN Microplate Reader (Infinite M200 Pro; TECAN, Zürich, Switzerland).
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2

Cryogenic TEM Particle Morphology Analysis

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The particle morphology
was studied
using a FEI Tecnai 20 electron microscope operating at 200 kV. Cryogenic
TEM was done at a Tecnai 20 using a cryo-TEM holder using BeamSpot
5. The samples were prepared using a FEI vitro-bot: a droplet of 3
μL was place on a Formvar/Carbon film 200 mesh copper grid and
blotted twice for 8 s. The grid was immediately plunged into liquid
nitrogen and stored in liquid nitrogen.
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3

Keratinocyte 3D Structure Analysis

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Inside the chamber of Live Box2, keratinocytes organized themselves in a 3D structure. The fragments obtained were prepared for electron microscopy analysis. Samples were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution in PBS for 1 h at 4 °C. The samples were then treated with 1% osmium tetroxide in PBS for 1 h at room temperature and then washed in PBS and stored at 4 °C. Samples were then dehydrated by passages in 50% and 100% acetone. Samples for SEM were dehydrated with hexamethyldisilazane and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (QUANTA 200, Fei, Thermo Scientific). Samples for TEM were included in epoxy resin (Durcupan ACM, Sigma-Aldrich) and then analyzed by Fei, TECNAI 20 (TECNAI 20, Fei, Thermo Scientific).
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4

Multimodal Characterization of Carbon Dots

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out on a FEI TECNAI 20 transmission electron microscope at 200 kV. The absorbance and fluorescence spectra were obtained on a BioTek Synergy MX multi-mode microplate reader. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) image was obtained using FEI G2 TECNAI F30 at 300 kV. The zeta potential and size distribution measurements were carried out on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS system (Zeta potential +33.3mV, DLS 2.01nm). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and element mapping were performed on a FEI Inspect F FEG-SEM equipped with EDZX EDS system to confirm Gd contents in the carbon dots. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze the Gd concentration in the sample for further study.
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5

Correlative Imaging of Chromatin Structure

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For a detailed sample preparation protocol and ESI procedure, see Ahmed et al. [2 (link)]. Briefly, cells were immunolabeled and post-fixed in 1 % glutaraldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences). Immunogold labeling was performed with Nanogold reagents (Nanoprobes). Following dehydration, cells were embedded in Quetol 651 resin (EMS). Samples were sectioned to 70 nm by an ultramicrotome (Leica). Grids containing the sample sections were imaged on a fluorescent microscope (Leica). Following carbon coating, electron micrographs were collected on a transmission electron microscope (Tecnai 20, FEI). To generate the phosphorus and nitrogen images, the microscope was operated at 200 kV using a post column filter (Gatan) at 120 and 155, and 385 and 415 eV, respectively. ESI images were generated as previously described [2 (link)]. In the overlay images, yellow represents nucleic acid-based structures, and cyan represents protein-based structures. To correlate the fluorescence signal with the underlying chromatin structure, the fluorescence images were overlaid onto the phosphorus-enhanced low magnification electron micrographs and the H3K9me3-positive regions identified and imaged. For presentation, the approximate boundaries of the H3K9me3 region are marked by a dotted line. Images were processed with Photoshop (Adobe).
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6

Structural Analysis of Dry Collagen Sheets

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Dry collagen
sheets were washed thrice in cacodylate buffer (0.1
M) at pH 7.4 and fixed in glutaraldehyde (2.5%) and paraformaldehyde
(2%) in cacodylate buffer (0.1 M) at pH 7.4 for 90 min. The samples
were then washed again three times in cacodylate buffer (0.1 M) at
pH 7.4 and with deionized water. Samples were then fixed with osmium
tetraoxide (1%) in cacodylate buffer (0.1 M) at pH 7.4 for 1 h. En bloc staining was done using uranyl acetate (2%) in deionized
water for 1 h. Samples were again washed in deionized water, dehydrated
in a series of ethanol solutions (25–100%), and then embedded
in Quetol/Spurr resin at 30% overnight, 67% for 8 h, 100% overnight,
and polymerized in an oven at 60 °C for 48 h. Post-staining was
done with uranyl acetate (5%) for 15 min, followed by Reynolds lead
citrate for 15 min. Throughout the aforementioned processing steps,
the sheet was sandwiched between two rectangular, centrally slotted
PEEK pieces to ensure that a well-defined sheet orientation (flat,
without wrinkles or folds) was maintained. The resin-embedded sheet
within the central slot was cut out with a scalpel and 60–80
nm thin sections were cut with a microtome (model Leica Ultracut RMC
MT-6000, Leica Mikrosysteme, Vienna, Austria). Sectioned samples were
imaged using a transmission electron microscope (voltage 120 kV, TEM
model Tecnai 20, FEI, Hilsboro, OR, U.S.A.).
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7

Nanoniosome Characterization by AFM and Cryo-TEM

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The shape and the surface morphology of the nanoniosomes were determined using images obtained from an atomic force microscope (AFM) (Nanowizard II; JPK instruments; Germany). The nanoniosome formulations were diluted to 1:1000 with deionized water and sonicated for about 20 mins in an ultrasonic agitator (E–Chrom Tech Co, Taiwan). The preparations were then deposited onto a mica sheet and observed under the AFM. In addition, the bilayer structure of the nanocarriers and its spherical shape were studied by Cryo-TEM (FEI Tecnai 20, type Sphera, OR, USA) at 200 kV.
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8

Microstructural Characterization of Porous Materials

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Microstructures of the specimens were characterized by an optical microscope (OM), an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) detector mounted on a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, LEO Supra 35, Oberkochen, Germany), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI Tecnai20, Houston, TX, USA) [20 (link)]. The void distribution of the specimens was also examined by three-dimensional X-ray tomography (3D-XRT, Xradia Versa XRM-500 system, Pleasanton, CA, USA). The SEM characterization of pore features in fatigued specimens and a simulation result of stress distribution in the specimens with different pore features indicated that the shape of almost all pores was spherical [20 (link)]. Therefore, the pores of the specimens were characterized by sphericity, as shown in Figure 1c.
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9

Imaging Samples by Transmission Electron Microscopy

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Carbon-coated 400-mesh copper grids were rendered hydrophilic for sample binding by glow discharging for 2 min at 46 V under 150 mtorr in a Denton DV-502 vacuum evaporator. Samples (5 μl) were applied to freshly glow-discharged grids, stained with 1% (vol/vol) uranyl acetate solution, and air dried, then viewed on a FEI Tecnai 20 transmission electron microscope operating at 120 kV and equipped with a TVIPS F-415 4k × 4k CCD camera.
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10

Ultrastructural Analysis of Weibel-Palade Bodies

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Chemically fixed or high-pressure frozen and free-substituted (HPF/FS) samples were processed as previously described (Michaux et al., 2006a; Zenner et al., 2007 ). For whole mounts of cell-free WPBs, samples were adsorbed for 10 min on formvar, carbon-coated, and glow-discharged copper grids (Agar Scientific) before fixation in 2% paraformaldehyde/1.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate for 1 hr. After osmication and serial dehydration to 100% dry ethanol, the grids were critical-point dried using a Leica EM-CPD300 (Leica Microsystems). All samples were imaged with a Morada camera (OlympusSIS) in a Tecnai20 (FEI). iTEM software (Olympus SIS) was used to measure cisternal length of ministacks in nocodazole-treated luciferase- and Rab6a/a′-siRNA-treated HUVECs.
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