Locomotor activity and anxiety was assessed using Noldus PhenoTyper cages as previously shown.22 (link) Each cage was outfitted with two sets of cameras; one on the ceiling that faced the platform (35 × 35 cm), and another pointed at the side of the cage. Mice were acclimated to the experimentation room in their home cages for at least 1 h. During acclimation, the Noldus EthoVision software was set up to track movement for a total of 30 min. After acclimation, mice were placed in the centre of the open field, opaque Plexiglas was placed on all four sides of the cage to obscure any visual cues and the trial was started in the EthoVision software. After 30 min, the trial ended and mice were placed back into their home cages. Noldus EthoVision software was used to determine distance travelled, time spent in centre and frequency of going to centre.
Ethovision software
Manufactured by Noldus
Sourced in Netherlands, United States, United Kingdom
Ethovision is a video tracking software developed by Noldus. It is used to automatically track and analyze the movement and behavior of animals in a variety of experimental settings.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ethovision, by Noldus (5 mentions)
Phenotyper, by Noldus (4 mentions)
Acusol op301, by Dow (3 mentions)
Matlab, by MathWorks (2 mentions)
Ethovison software, by Noldus (2 mentions)
Phenotyper cage, by Noldus (2 mentions)
Daniovision, by Noldus (2 mentions)
Danio vision system holder, by Noldus (2 mentions)
Freezeframe software, by Harvard Apparatus (1 mentions)
Open field apparatus, by Omnitech Electronics (1 mentions)
Amphetamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Activity monitor, by Med Associates (1 mentions)
Quinpirole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Skf 82958, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fear conditioning 2, by Ugo Basile (1 mentions)
Nidaq 6363, by National Instruments (1 mentions)
Observer software, by Noldus (1 mentions)
8 arm maze, by Med Associates (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Daniovision observation chamber, by Noldus (1 mentions)
294 protocols using ethovision software
1
Assessing Locomotor Activity and Anxiety in Mice
2
Locomotor Activity and Anxiety Assay
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Locomotor activity and anxiety was assessed using Noldus PhenoTyper cages as previously shown58 (link). Each cage is outfitted with two sets of cameras; one on the ceiling that faces the platform (35 cm × 35 cm) and another pointed at the side of the cage. Mice were acclimated to the experimentation room in their home cages for at least 1 h. During acclimation, the Noldus EthoVision software was set-up to track movement for 30 total minutes. After acclimation, mice were placed in the center of the open field, opaque Plexiglas was placed on all four sides of the cage to obscure any visual cues, and the trial was started in the EthoVision software. After 30 min, the trial ended and mice were placed back into their home cages. A separate cohort of mice received systemic (I.P.) injections of PF-04531083 (40 mg/kg) or PF-06305591 (2 mg/kg) 1.5 h prior to placement in the novel open field. Noldus EthoVision software was used to determine distance traveled, time spent in center, and frequency of going to center.
3
Investigating Anxiety-Related Behavior in Rodents
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We used two paradigms to investigate anxiety‐related behavior at the age of 7 weeks. In the open field test, animals were placed in a circular arena with a diameter of 1 m for 5 min and locomotion behavior was automatically tracked using Ethovision software (Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands). The arena was divided into two sections: the outer rim of the arena (12.5 cm) and the inner zone (diameter of 75 cm). The number of times that animals left the outer zone (sheltered by the walls of the arena) and entered the inner zone was recorded. This is considered a measure of nonanxious behavior.
For the elevated plus maze (EPM), animals were placed in the middle of a plus‐shaped maze with a 10 cm × 10 cm center (light intensity: 8–10 lux) connecting two opposite open arms (length: 50 cm; 16 lux) and two opposite arms closed with 30 cm high walls (length: 50 cm; 0 lux), 1 m above a dimly lit floor for five minutes. Animal movement was tracked using Ethovision software (Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands). The time spent in the open arms is considered a measure of nonanxious behavior.
For the elevated plus maze (EPM), animals were placed in the middle of a plus‐shaped maze with a 10 cm × 10 cm center (light intensity: 8–10 lux) connecting two opposite open arms (length: 50 cm; 16 lux) and two opposite arms closed with 30 cm high walls (length: 50 cm; 0 lux), 1 m above a dimly lit floor for five minutes. Animal movement was tracked using Ethovision software (Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands). The time spent in the open arms is considered a measure of nonanxious behavior.
4
Place Aversion Behavioral Assay
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Place aversion was tested in a custom-designed plexiglass chamber with a layer of corn cob bedding (18 (link), 21 (link)). Each arm of the two-arm V-maze was 10 cm wide, 33 cm long, and 10 cm high with a neutral area between the two arms. The signal was generated in one arm only by tethering the designated arm with a double loop antenna. The signal was attenuated to allow for complete local field coverage and precise control of μ-ILED device power within the designated arm. Each mouse was placed in the neutral area of the chamber, and activity was continuously recorded using a video camera for a period of 20 min. “Time in chamber” and heat maps were generated for data using EthoVision software (Noldus, Leesburg, VA, USA). The μ-ILED device was instantaneously and automatically switched to the “ON” state each time the mouse entered into the double-loop antenna–equipped arm. Similarly, the μ-ILED device was automatically switched to the “OFF” state each time the mouse exited the antenna-equipped arm. Software and hardware for generating the signal were from NeuroLux Inc. (Champaign, IL, USA).
5
Evaluating Spatial Learning and Apoptosis in Mice
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The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory of mice [15 (link)]. The latency time to escape and locate the platform in water maze was recorded as an index of acquisition or learning using a computer tracking system with EthoVision software (Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, Netherlands). At the end of MWM test, mice would be decapitated and brain tissue was obtained immediately after the integral experiment. The right hippocampus of every mouse was separated, flash-frozen, and then stored at −80°C for subsequent experiments. And the left hippocampus was frozen in liquid nitrogen-cooled isopentane and sliced into 16-μm-thick sections for subsequent TUNEL staining to detect apoptosis.
6
Spatial Memory and Locomotion Assessment
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Alternative Y maze. The spatial working memory of animals assessed before treatment and 2 months after the last session of treatment using the alternative Y maze test. Rats were placed at the extremity of one arm of the device (50×50×10 cm) and video-tracked for 5 min. The number of good alternations between the 3 arms (success to the test) were automatically measured and analyzed using the EthoVision software (Noldus). Rats performing less than four entries during the session were excluded (n = 16/58).
Open field. This test was used to measure the general locomotion of animals before and after LD-RT. Rats were placed at the center of the square area (45×45×40 cm) and the total distance travelled was automatically measured during 1 h using a video tracking and EthoVision software.
Open field. This test was used to measure the general locomotion of animals before and after LD-RT. Rats were placed at the center of the square area (45×45×40 cm) and the total distance travelled was automatically measured during 1 h using a video tracking and EthoVision software.
7
Measuring Locomotor Sensitization in Animals
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The locomotor activity of animals was measured on the first and last days of the drug treatments. For two days prior to the first measurement, the animals had been habituated to the cages used for this test for 2h each day. On the day of the locomotor activity measurement, the animals were placed in the transparent polycarbonate cages (26 x 43 x 18cm) similar to their home cages 30min before the drug injections in order to further habituate the animals to the novel cage environment. The locomotor activity of the animals was measured continuously for 6h following injection using Ethovision software (Noldus Information Technology) connected to a closed-circuit television camera with an overview of all 8 cages in the test arena. Sensitization was assessed by comparing the locomotor activity until 1h after dosing between the first and last measurement (Motbey et al., 2012 (link)).
8
Rodent Behavior Tracking Protocol
9
Three-Chamber Social Behavior Test
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Sociability was assessed using the three-chamber social behavior test, as previously described4 (link). Briefly, testing was completed in a three-chamber box with metal cages placed in the center of the two end chambers. A 10-min acclimation phase was followed by a 10-min test phase, during which a novel object (orange Pyrex cap (Corning, NY)) and a social stimulus DBA2J mouse of the same sex and age (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME) were placed in the metal cages. The chamber that contained the conspecific mouse was randomly assigned for each test mouse to control for side preference. The trials were recorded using Noldus EthoVision software (Wageningen, The Netherlands). Social approach behavior was calculated by subtracting the time spent actively investigating the novel object from the time spent with the social stimulus mouse and dividing by the total time interacting with both cages.
10
Real-Time Place Preference Assay for Valence Evaluation
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