Docosahexaenoic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. It is a chemical compound found naturally in various organisms, including marine algae and fish oils.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Spelling variants of this product

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (18 citations) Cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (6 citations) 19-docosahexaenoic acid (4 citations)

44 protocols using docosahexaenoic acid

Preparation of α-Syn Oligomers Modified by DHA

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

α-Syn oligomers modified by DHA (SynO-DHA) were prepared following published protocol [55 (link)]. Briefly, purified and relyophilized α-Syn protein was dissolved in 1× PBS at a concentration of 0.7 μg/μl. Cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid (Sigma, 53171) was added to the α-Syn solution at a molar ratio of 1:50 (protein:DHA) and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h at 500 RPM. This fraction was further filtered by using 3 kDa filter unit (Millipore) to remove unbound free DHA molecules.

Sengupta U., Puangmalai N., Bhatt N., Garcia S., Zhao Y, & Kayed R. (2020). Polymorphic α-Synuclein Strains Modified by Dopamine and Docosahexaenoic Acid Interact Differentially with Tau Protein. Molecular Neurobiology, 57(6), 2741-2765.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Fatty Acids and Cell Viability Assay

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

α-Linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and 5-FU were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The human gastric cell lines MGC and SGC were kindly provided by Prof. P. Wensheng (Zhejiang University, China). RPMI medium 1640 was obtained from GIBCO (Grand Island, NY, USA). All other chemicals were of extra-pure grade or analytical grade.

Yu H., Liu Y., Pan W., Shen S, & Das U.N. (2015). Polyunsaturated fatty acids augment tumoricidal action of 5-fluorouracil on gastric cancer cells by their action on vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α and lipid metabolism related factors. Archives of Medical Science : AMS, 11(2), 282-291.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Stimulation of Immune Cells

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

LPS E. coli 0111:B4 was from Invivogen (Toulouse, France), docosahexaenoic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd. (Dorset, UK), and Vitamin D₃ was from DSM Nutritional products (Basel, Switzerland).

Kheder R.K., Hobkirk J, & Stover C.M. (2016). In vitro Modulation of the LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Profile of Hepatocytes and Macrophages- Approaches for Intervention in Obesity?. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 4, 61.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Fatty Acids and Cell Signaling Assays

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Vanillylamine, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), triethylamine and 2-methyl-2-butanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). Novozym^®435 was from Novozymes (Bagsværd, Denmark). n-Hexane, acetone and methanol (analytical grade) were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagenti (Milan, Italy). Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640, HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), l-glutamine, sodium pyruvate, β-mercaptoethanol, and glucose were acquired from Thermofisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum, streptomycin and penicillin were purchased from Lonza (Verviers, Belgium). LPS (E. coli O111:B4) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). Capsaicin, Griess reagents and nitrite standard were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The ELISA kit for determination of insulin was from Calbiotech Inc. (Spring Valley, CA, USA). The Ca²⁺ quantification kit was from Diagnosticum Rt (Budapest, Hungary). ATP was assayed with a bioluminescence kit from Thermofisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). The ELISA kits for determination of MCP-1, and CCL20 were purchased from R&D Systems (Abingdon, UK).

Cione E., Plastina P., Pingitore A., Perri M., Caroleo M.C., Fazio A., Witkamp R, & Meijerink J. (2019). Capsaicin Analogues Derived from n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) Reduce Inflammatory Activity of Macrophages and Stimulate Insulin Secretion by β-Cells In Vitro. Nutrients, 11(4), 915.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Neural Differentiation of CD117+ TSCs

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Neural differentiation assay was performed as previously described [36 (link)] with modifications. CD117⁺ TSCs were cultured in differentiation conditions using DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10 ng/ml bFGF and B27 (1:50) for the next 2 days. To promote photoreceptor differentiation, cells were cultured in the differentiation medium plus N-2 supplement (1:100), 50 nM docosahexaenoic acid (Sigma), 2 μM retinoic acid (Sigma), 10 μM γ-secretase inhibitor (Sigma) for 2 days, and then changed to medium containing DMEM/F12 with B27 (1:50), 10 ng/ml nerve growth factor, 10 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor 1, and 10 ng/ml brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Sigma) for another 4–6 days. Cells were harvested for assessments of immunofluorescence staining (see “Immunocytochemistry”), flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR.

Hou M., Han J., Li G., Kwon M.Y., Jiang J., Emani S., Taglauer E.S., Park J.A., Choi E.B., Vodnala M., Fong Y.W., Emani S.M., Rosas I.O., Perrella M.A, & Liu X. (2020). Multipotency of mouse trophoblast stem cells. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 11, 55.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Recombinant HBsAg Vaccine Formulation

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Recombinant HBsAg, 20 mcg/mL concentration adsorbed on 0.5 mg as aluminum hydroxide. Docosahexaenoic acid was purchased from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA. Syringe PVDF Filter Unit (0.2 µm) was purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. The solvents used in this study were products of Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain.

Bakkari M.A., Moni S.S., Alshammari A., Salawi A., Sultan M.H., Madkhali O.A., Alqahtani S.S., Alam M.F., Shaheen E.S, & Elmobark M.E. (2022). Design, Characterization, and Immune Augmentation of Docosahexaenoic Acid Nanovesicles as a Potential Delivery System for Recombinant HBsAg Protein. Vaccines, 10(6), 954.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Fatty Acid Analysis Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Oleic acid (18∶1, n-9; OA), linOleic acid (18∶2, n-6; LA), α-linolenic acid (18∶3, n-3; LNA), arachidonic acid (20∶4, n-6; AA), eicosapentenoic acid (20∶5, n-3; EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (22∶6, n-3; DHA), bovine serum albumin fraction V (BSA, fatty acid free), and 5-aza-2′-deoxy-cytidine (5-aza-dC) were from Sigma.

Ceccarelli V., Nocentini G., Billi M., Racanicchi S., Riccardi C., Roberti R., Grignani F., Binaglia L, & Vecchini A. (2014). Eicosapentaenoic Acid Activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ Pathway through H-Ras Intron 1 CpG Island Demethylation in U937 Leukemia Cells. PLoS ONE, 9(1), e85025.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Inflammation Modulation by Omega-3 Lipids

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Epanova® (omega-3-carboxylic acids [OM-3 CA]) was supplied by AstraZeneca. Over-the-counter omega-3-triglyceride supplements (Nordic Naturals) were purchased from Amazon. Safflower oil was purchased from a commercial grocer. Colchicine, indomethacin, and Ac-YVAD-cmk (YVAD) were purchased from Sigma Chemical. MSU, cholesterol, and calcium pyrophosphate crystals were made according to established protocols^{31 (link),32 (link)}. Crystals were tested and found to be free of endotoxins using PYROGENT™–5000 Kinetic Turbidimetric Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assays (Lonza). Cell-culture supernatant and pouch exudates were analysed for IL-1β content with electrochemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates (Mesoscale). Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) content was analysed using a competitive enzyme immunoassay (R&D Systems).

Iverson C., Bacong A., Liu S., Baumgartner S., Lundström T., Oscarsson J, & Miner J.N. (2018). Omega-3-carboxylic acids provide efficacious anti-inflammatory activity in models of crystal-mediated inflammation. Scientific Reports, 8, 1217.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Fatty Acids Modulate Male Production in Daphnids

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Male production assays (16 days long) [28 (link), 29 (link)] were conducted to determine the influence of specific fatty acids (palmitic acid, 99% purity, CAS Number 506-32-1, docosahexaenoic acid, ≥98% purity, CAS Number 6217-54-5, linoleic acid, >99% purity, CAS Number 60-33-3, all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) in repressing male production induced by pyriproxyfen. Male production was induced by exposing the daphnids to 155 or 310 pM pyriproxyfen (50 or 100 ng/L) (>99% purity; FLUKA, Buchs, Switzerland).
Ten-day old female daphnids (n = 10) were exposed to fatty acids alone or in combination with pyriproxyfen while housed as described in the chronic toxicity tests. All daphnids (controls and treated groups) were exposed to 0.004% ethanol during the assays. To provide increased control over fatty acid exposure levels, daphnids were not provided fish food. Instead, daphnids were either fed the normal quantity of P. subcapitata (6 x 10⁶ cells/adult daphnid) or half the normal quantity (3 x 10⁶ cells/adult daphnid). Adult survival, the total number of neonates, the number of female neonates, and the number of male neonates produced from broods 2–5 was measured. Reproduction was determined only in neonates from broods 2–5, as fatty acid and pyriproxyfen exposure may occur after developmental sex determination in brood 1 [6 (link), 29 (link)].

Ginjupalli G.K., Gerard P.D, & Baldwin W.S. (2015). Arachidonic Acid Enhances Reproduction in Daphnia magna and Mitigates Changes in Sex Ratios Induced by Pyriproxyfen. Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC, 34(3), 527-535.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Fatty Acid Standards for Lipid Analysis

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

HPLC-grade methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile were supplied by Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA). The ultrapure water was purified by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, USA). Palmitoleic acid (C_16:1), heptadecenoic acid (C_17:1), linolenic acid (C_18:3), linoleic acid (C_18:2), oleic acid (C_18:1), arachidonic acid (C_20:4), heneicosanoic acid (C_21:0), docosahexaenoic acid (C_22:6), and ammonium acetate (all with purity of > 99%, except C_22:6, purity of > 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Zhang Y., He C., Qiu L., Wang Y., Qin X., Liu Y, & Li Z. (2016). Serum Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids: A Potential Biomarker Panel for Early-Stage Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Journal of Cancer, 7(4), 477-483.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!