Pioglitazone

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Pioglitazone is a laboratory reagent used as an agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). It is commonly used in research studies to investigate the role of PPAR-γ in various cellular processes and disease models.

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5 protocols using pioglitazone

PPAR Agonists and Antagonists Protocol

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Dihydrotestosterone was purchased from Steraloids. PPAR agonists and antagonists were purchased from: GW1929 (Sigma), Pioglitazone (Santa Cruz), GW9662 (Sigma), T0070907 (Cayman Chemical).

Elix C.C., Salgia M.M., Otto-Duessel M., Copeland B.T., Yoo C., Lee M., Tew B.Y., Ann D., Pal S.K, & Jones J.O. (2019). Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Controls Prostate Cancer Cell Growth through AR-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. The Prostate, 80(2), 162-172.

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Cell Culture and Reagent Acquisition

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Lung, renal cancer cell lines, and HEK293 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 or DMEM medium supplemented with 5% or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 50 U/mL penicillin, and 50 U/mL streptomycin at 37 °C with 5% CO₂. Purchased are various chemicals including pioglitazone (Cat# sc-204848) from Santa Cruz, SU6656 (Cat# sc-203286A) from Santa Cruz or SU6656 (Cat# S7774) from Selleckchem, PP2 (Cat# 1767-1) from BioVision, HTS01037 (Cat# 10699-10) from Cayman Chemical and Stattic (Cat# S7947), Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue (Cat# M2128) or Oil-red O (Cat# O1391) from Sigma-Aldrich. Included are cell lines for relevant experiments in this study (Table S1).

Hua T.N., Kim M.K., Vo V.T., Choi J.W., Choi J.H., Kim H.W., Cha S.K., Park K.S, & Jeong Y. (2019). Inhibition of oncogenic Src induces FABP4-mediated lipolysis via PPARγ activation exerting cancer growth suppression. EBioMedicine, 41, 134-145.

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Inducible PPARγ Expression in Lung Cancer

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Lung cancer cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 (H2073, H3255, H2347, Calu6, and H1993) or DMEM media (H1299 and A549) supplemented with 5% FBS, 50 U/mL penicillin, and 50 U/mL streptomycin, at 37°C, 5% CO₂ atmosphere. Cells were periodically tested for mycoplasma contamination. HBEC stable cell lines with inducible PPARγ expression were generated as previously reported [15 (link)]. Particularly, HBEC cells containing wild-type PPARγ or sumoylation mutant PPARγ (K107, 395R), HBEC-PPARγWT and HBEC-PPARγSUMO, are two tumorigenic clones in which biotin ligase recognition peptide (BLRP)-tagged PPARγWT or PPARγSUMO are tightly regulated upon tetracycline treatment. HBEC cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS, 50 U/mL penicillin and 50 U/mL streptomycin. PPARγ agonists (pioglitazone and troglitazone) were purchased from Santa Cruz, tetracycline was from Sigma.

Phan A.N., Vo V.T., Hua T.N., Kim M.K., Jo S.Y., Choi J.W., Kim H.W., Son J., Suh Y.A, & Jeong Y. (2017). PPARγ sumoylation-mediated lipid accumulation in lung cancer. Oncotarget, 8(47), 82491-82505.

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Cell Culture Conditions for Cancer Research

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GSCs, 448T, X01, X02, and 528 for PN and 0502, 83, and 1123 for MES, were cultured in DMEM/F-12 supplemented with B27 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), EGF (10 ng/ml, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), bFGF (5 ng/ml, R&D Systems), 50 U/mL penicillin, and 50 U/mL streptomycin at 37 °C with 5% CO₂. The cells were kindly provided by Jong Bae Park (National Cancer Center, South Korea) (448T, X01, X02, 528, 83, and 1123) and Myung-Jin Park (KIRAM, South Korea) (0502). Pioglitazone was purchased from Santa Cruz or Sigma-Aldrich. Troglitazone, SU6656, dasatinib, and gefitinib were obtained from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX). 15-Deoxy-∆-11,13-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ₂), T0070907, azacitidine and bafilomycin A1 were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). U0126 and helenalin were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and ChemFaces (Hubei, China), respectively. ActiveMax^® Recombinant human TNF-alpha was obtained from Acrobiosystems (Newark, DE).

Hua T.N., Oh J., Kim S., Antonio J.M., Vo V.T., Om J., Choi J.W., Kim J.Y., Jung C.W., Park M.J, & Jeong Y. (2020). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a theragnostic target for mesenchymal-type glioblastoma patients. Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 52(4), 629-642.

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Steroid and Vitamin K Antagonist Procurement

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Dihydrotestosterone was purchased from Steraloids. Vitamin K antagonists were purchased from: warfarin sodium (TCI Chemicals), scopoletin (Sigma), brodifacoum (Sigma). Bicalutamide was purchased from Sigma. PPAR agonists and antagonists were purchased from: GW1929 (Sigma), Pioglitazone (Santa Cruz), GW9662 (Sigma).

Tew B.Y., Hong T.B., Otto-Duessel M., Elix C., Castro E., He M., Wu X., Pal S.K., Kalkum M, & Jones J.O. (2017). Vitamin K epoxide reductase regulation of androgen receptor activity. Oncotarget, 8(8), 13818-13831.

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