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4 protocols using mammalian proteasearrest

1

Measurement of Lipase Activity in Frozen Tissue

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Frozen tissue samples were crushed and resuspended in LPL assay buffer (25 mM NH4Cl, 5 mM EDTA, 0.01% SDS, 45 U/mL heparin, 0.05% 3-(N,N-Dimethylmyristylammonio) propanesulfonate zwittergent detergent (Acros Organics, 427740050)) containing Mammalian ProteaseArrest (GBiosciences, cat no. 786-331). The tissue suspension was mixed by vortexing and incubated on ice for 30 min, with intermittent disruption with surgical scissors. The resulting lysate was centrifuged at 15,000×g for 15 min at 4 °C to pellet cellular debris. Lipase activity assays were performed on the supernatants as previously described [23] (link); supernatants were combined with a working buffer composed of 0.6 M NaCl, 80 mM Tris–HCl pH 8, 6% fatty-acid free BSA and an EnzChek lipase fluorescent substrate (Molecular Probes, E33955). Fluorescence was measured over 30 min at 37 °C on a SpectraMax i3 plate reader (Molecular Devices). Relative lipase activity was calculated by subtracting background (calculated by reading fluorescence of a sample with no LPL) and then calculating the slope of the curve between the 5 and 13 min reads. The data were graphed as the average of slopes for each group.
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2

Measurement of Brain Cytokines

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IL-6 and TNF-α were determined in brain tissue and plasma samples using ELISA kits and following the manufacturer’s recommendations (BioLegend, San Diego, CA). To prepare tissue homogenate, brain tissue was homogenized in PBS containing phosphatase arrest I and mammalian protease arrest (G-Biosciences, St Louis, MO). Protein concentration in tissue homogenate was determined by Pierce bicinchoninic acid assay (Thermo Fisher, Hillsboro, Oregon). Samples were run in duplicate and normalized to protein concentration. Plasma samples were run undiluted for TNF-α and at a 5-fold dilution for IL-6.
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3

Characterization of CYP Enzymes

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After transfections, cells were lysed with ice-cold RIPA lysis buffer (ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA) containing protease inhibitors (Pierce Protease Inhibitor Mini Tablets, Rockford, IL and Mammalian Protease Arrest, GBiosciences, St. Louis, MO) and centrifuged at 12,500 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C. Cell supernatants were used for immunoblots. Proteins were quantified using Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA) and 20 ug of protein was loaded on to precast polyacrylamide Bis-tris 10% gels (GenScript, Piscataway, NJ). The membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk and incubated with primary antibodies against CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) and β-actin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Next membranes were incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies to goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (Abcam, Cambridge, MA). The protein bands were visualized using the SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate (ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA) and densitometry was performed with the ImageJ software program (NIH, Bethesda, MD).
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4

Protein Expression Analysis in Cell Lysates

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To analyze the expression of proteins, cells were lysed directly on a plate in 100 μl cold RIPA–EDTA buffer [50 mmol/L Tris–HCl, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 0.5% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.5% Triton™ X-100, 0.1% SDS, and 5 mmol/L EDTA, pH 7.4] containing Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktails 2 and 3 (Sigma, P5726 and P0044), and protease inhibitor (Mammalian ProteaseArrest™, GBiosciences, A Geno Technology Inc.). Cells were incubated on ice for 5 min, scraped, transferred to the Eppendorf, pipetted 10 times with 200 μl tip and centrifuged at 10,000×g at 4 °C for 5 min. The supernatants were collected and then protein concentration was determined using Micro BCA™ Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Scientific, Pierce).
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