Mccoy 5a medium

Commercialized breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-435, ZR-75-30 and T47D were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). The S1 and HBL100 cell lines were obtained from cell bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The SK-BR-3 cell line was purchased from Henlius Biotech, Inc. (Shanghai, China). Cell lines ZR-75-30 and T47D were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA); cell lines MCF-7, S1 and HBL100 were cultured in low-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Gibco); cell line SK-BR-3 was cultured in McCoy’5A medium (Sigma); and cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-435 were cultured in L-15 medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10–15% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (Gibco) and 100 U ml⁻¹ penicillin and 100 μg ml⁻¹ streptomycin. All cells were authenticated by the analysis of short tandem repeat profiles and 100% matched the standard cell lines in the ATCC and DSMZ (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH) data bank. All cells were tested negative for cross-contamination of other human cells and mycoplasma contamination.

HCT116 human colon cancer cells were obtained from the Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). HCT116 cells were cultured in McCoy'5A medium (Sigma, San Francisco, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Dingguo Company, Shanghai, China), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin. All cells were incubated under a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO₂ at 37°C and grew to a confluent monolayer for two or three days.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated by collagenase digestion of umbilical veins from undamaged fresh cords, as described⁴² . This human material was obtained in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. In that regard, the authorization of the human ethical committee of the CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval was obtained to do the study and participating mothers signed informed consents. HUVECs at passages ≤ 4 were grown to form monolayer in EGM2 endothelial cell growth medium (Lonza, Allendale, NJ) in gelatin-coated tissue culture flasks. Human liver sinusoidal microvascular endothelial cells (HLSMECs) and its Complete Classic Medium With Serum and CultureBoost were purchased from Cell Systems (Kirkland, WA) and grown using the same protocol as for HUVECs. HT29 (ATCC) colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were cultivated in McCoy 5 A medium (Sigma, St Louis, MO) supplemented with 10% [v/v] foetal bovine serum (FBS). LoVo (ATCC) colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were cultivated in Ham’s F12 nutrient mixture (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 10% [v/v] FBS. All cells were cultivated at 37 °C in 5% CO₂ humidified atmosphere.

Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) (Lonza, cod. C2517A) were cultured in EBM-2 (Lonza) medium supplemented with EGM-2 kit (Lonza). Colon cancer HCT-116 (ATCC, cod. CCL-247) cells were cultured in McCoy 5A medium (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Lonza), 2-mM L-glutamine (Sigma-Aldrich), 1% (v/v) penicillin/streptomycin solution (Sigma-Aldrich). Cell cultures were maintained in an incubator at 37 °C and in humidified atmosphere with 5% CO₂.

98% Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), (3-Glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), ethylenediamine (EDA), 98% Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), mannose, fucose, glucose, galactose, xylose, McCoy’5A medium and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; 99.9% Europium (III) chloride hexahydrate (EuCl₃·6H₂O) and 99.9% Gadolinium (III) chloride hexahydrate (GdCl₃·6H₂O) were purchased from Alfa Aesar; Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Ethanol (C₂H₅OH), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), barium chloride (BaCl₂), gelatin, hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), methanol (CH₃OH), chloroform (CHCl₃), acetonitrile (ACN), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃), sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO4) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from J.T. Baker; potassium chloride (KCl) were purchased from Mallinckrodt Chemical; minimum essential medium (MEM) were purchased from Biowes; fetal bovine serum (FBS), non-essential amino acids (NEAA), antibiotic–antimycotic (AA) and trypsin were purchased Gibco; mouse fibroblasts cell (L929) and human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116) were purchased ATCC; Sargassum aquifolium from Kenting-Chuanfan Rock.

Five cervical cancer cell lines HeLa, SiHa, C-33 A, HT-3, CaSki and HL-60 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA) and maintained in recommended media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 °C and 5% CO₂. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to culture HeLa, SiHa and C-33 A cells, McCoy 5A medium (Sigma-Aldrich) was used for HT-3 cells, RPMI 1640 (Sigma-Aldrich) was used for the CaSki and HL-60 cells under the identical conditions. Recombinant human GDF15 (rhGDF15; 213-10,128-1) and Human serum albumin solution (HSA; 020682) was purchased from RayBiotech (Norcross, GA, USA) and Vitrolife (Gothenburg, Sweden), respectively. MK-2206 is an AKT inhibitor, SCH772984 is an Erk1/2 inhibitor, SB525334 is a TGF-β receptor inhibitor and CI-1033 is an EGFR/ErbB2 inhibitor, all of which were purchased from biochemical company (Selleck, USA).