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8 protocols using phalloidin ifluor 405

1

Antibody Panel for Immune Cell Profiling

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Rabbit anti-phospho-STAT5 (RRID:AB_823649), rabbit anti-CISH (RRID:AB_11178524) and rabbit polyclonal anti-TFEB (RRID:AB_11220225) were all bought from Cell Signaling Technology, Leiden, The Netherlands. Phalloidin-iFluor 647 and Phalloidin-iFluor 405 were obtained from Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) AlexaFluor647 conjugate (RRID:AB_2536101) was purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific, Breda, The Netherlands.. Anti-human CD11b-PE (RRID:AB_395789) and anti-human CD1a-BV605 (RRID:AB_2741933) were acquired from BD BioSciences, Vianen, The Netherlands and anti-human CD14-FITC (RRID:AB_830677) and anti-human CD163-AF647 (RRID:AB_2563475) from BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA.
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2

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cytokines

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150,000 cells were seeded on cover slips and treated as indicated in figure legends. At the end of stimulation/treatment time, cells were washed with PBS and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 for 15 min and blocked in 2% BSA (Fisher). Cells were labelled with the following primary antibodies against specific targets using 1:200 dilutions: rabbit anti-IL-8 antibody (Biorad Biosciences), mouse anti-IL-1β antibody (Invitrogen), mouse anti-MCP-1 antibody (Abcam), mouse anti-NF-κB p65 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-GM-130 antibody (BD Biosciences) or rabbit anti-GGA2 antibody (BD Biosciences). Primary antibodies were labelled with the following fluorescently conjugated secondary antibodies diluted 1:500: Alexafluor 555 donkey anti-rabbit and Alexafluor 488 donkey anti-mouse antibodies. (Invitrogen). F-actin was labelled with phalloidin-iFluor 405 (Abcam) and nuclei with the DNA stain, DAPI (Sigma). Cover slips were mounted with Mowiol mounting media (Gift from Dr. A. Simmonds, University of Alberta) and imaged with a Zeiss LSM 700 confocal microscope (Zeiss) using a 63x objective (NA 1.4) and images were acquired using Zen software (Zeiss). Images were subsequently processed with ImageJ Software (U.S. National Institutes of Health).
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Fluorescence Imaging of Salivary Glands

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The salivary glands of mTomato/mGFP mice were fixed in 4% formaldehyde overnight at 4°C and then frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C. Cryosections were cut using a Leica CM3050S cryostat, after which samples were mounted in Fluoromount G on a glass slides and covered with a #1.5 coverslip. Immunostaining was performed as follows. Samples were incubated (1) in 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and (2) 0.02% saponin in FBS (blocking solution) for 30–45 min at room temperature with primary goat antibodies (NKCC1, 1:00; N-16, Santa Cruz) at 4°C overnight; (3) with secondary antibodies anti- goat Alexa Fluor 488 in blocking solution at 4°C for 30 min; and (4) if needed, with phalloidin-iFluor 405 (Abcam) for 30–60 min at room temperature. Finally, samples were mounted in Fluoromount G on a glass slide and covered with a #1.5 coverslip. Confocal images were acquired using a FluoView 1000 (Olympus).
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4

Neutrophil Localization of EphA2 and p47phox

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To determine protein localization within the neutrophils, the cells were incubated in RPMI 1640 medium containing 2% heat-inactivated mouse serum for 30 min on fibronectin coated coverslips. The cells were then incubated with opsonized C. albicans CAI4-GFP for 30 min. Next, they were fixed with 3% paraformaldehyde, blocked with 10% BSA, followed by anti-mouse CD16/32 (2.4G2; BD Biosciences), and incubated with antibodies against EphA2 (D4A2, #6997; Cell Signaling), and p47phox (A-7; Santa Cruz), followed by an Alexa 488-conjugated mouse anti-rabbit antibody. To visualize F-actin, the cells were also stained with Phalloidin-IFluor 405 (Abcam). The cells were then imaged by confocal microscopy.
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5

Cell-based Assay with Pharmacological Modulators

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Tamoxifen citrate (tamoxifen) and rifampicin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Isoniazid was purchased from SelleckChem (Munich, Germany). Gentamicin sulfate was bought from Lonza BioWhittaker (Basel, Switzerland), and hygromycin B was acquired from Life Technologies-Invitrogen (Bleiswijk, The Netherlands). Fulvestrant, 17β-estradiol, and Hoechst 33342 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Rabbit polyclonal anti-TFEB (RRID:AB_11220225) was purhcased from Cell Signaling Technology (Leiden, The Netherlands). Phalloidin-iFluor 405 was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) AlexaFluor647 conjugate (RRID:AB_2536101) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Breda, The Netherlands). All compounds, except Gentamicin sulfate and hygromycin B, were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma-Aldrich) in stock concentrations of 10 mM, aliquoted, and kept at −80°C.
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6

Depolymerization of Actin and Tubulin in Egg Chambers

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To depolymerize actin and tubulin, egg chambers were treated with 100 μM Latrunculin A (Abcam) and 50 mg/ml colcemid (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), respectively, in Schneider's medium for 1.5 h at 25°C. Control egg chambers were incubated in Schneider's medium for 1.5 h at 25°C. Egg chambers were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, 2% Tween 20 in PBS for 20 min and then washed 3×5 min in 0.1% Tween in PBS. Egg chambers were then incubated with a 1:500 dilution of Phalloidin-iFluor 405 (Abcam) and anti-α-Tubulin−FITC antibody (Merck) in PBS, 0.5% BSA at 37°C for 1 h with shaking. Samples were washed for 6×10 min in 0.2% Tween in PBS buffer, mounted in Vectashield with DAPI (Vector Laboratories) and examined via confocal microscopy (Leica SP8).
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7

Neutrophil Localization of EphA2 and p47phox

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To determine protein localization within the neutrophils, the cells were incubated in RPMI 1640 medium containing 2% heat-inactivated mouse serum for 30 min on fibronectin coated coverslips. The cells were then incubated with opsonized C. albicans CAI4-GFP for 30 min. Next, they were fixed with 3% paraformaldehyde, blocked with 10% BSA, followed by anti-mouse CD16/32 (2.4G2; BD Biosciences), and incubated with antibodies against EphA2 (D4A2, #6997; Cell Signaling), and p47phox (A-7; Santa Cruz), followed by an Alexa 488-conjugated mouse anti-rabbit antibody. To visualize F-actin, the cells were also stained with Phalloidin-IFluor 405 (Abcam). The cells were then imaged by confocal microscopy.
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8

Visualizing Cytoskeleton Depolymerization

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To depolymerise actin and tubulin, egg chambers were treated with 100 μM Latrunculin A and 50 mg/ml Colcemid respectively in Schneider's medium for 1.5 hours at 25 °C. Control egg chambers were incubated in Schneider's medium for 1.5 hours at 25 °C. Egg chambers were fixed in 4% Formaldehyde, 2% Tween 20 in PBS for 20 min and then washed 3 x 5 min in 0.1 %Tween in PBS. Egg chambers were then incubated with a 1:500 dilution of Phalloidin-iFluor 405 (Abcam) and anti-α-Tubulin-FITC antibody (Merck) in PBS, 0.5% BSA at 37°C for 1 hour with shaking. Samples were washed 6 x10 min in 0.2% Tween in PBS buffer, mounted in Vectashield with DAPI (Vector Laboratories) and examined via confocal microscopy (Leica SP8).
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