Butein

A validated chemical compound library (Prestwick and LOPAC chemical library) was provided by the Drug Discovery Initiative (The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; http://www.ddi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/). Pyrimethamine, fluphenazine, and perospirone (Wako, Osaka, Japan); perphenazine, mefloquine, tanshinone IIA, and butein (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan); hydroxyzine and penitrem A (LKT Labs, MN, USA; (±)-terfenadine and AM404 (R&D Systems, MN, USA); domperidone, PQ-401, bromocriptine, and omeprazole (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA); niguldipine (Focus Biomolecules, PA, USA); MC-1293 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, TX, USA); and entinostat (ChemScene Chemicals, NJ, USA) were used for secondary screening as described below.

Butein (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Japan) and CORT (Fujifilm Wako, Japan) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Fujifilm Wako, Japan) and the final concentration of DMSO was made up to less than 0.01 % for all treatments. It was assumed that the effect of DMSO was negligible and control cultures were treated in medium without DMSO.