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41 protocols using cflow plus

1

Cell Surface and ALDH Expression Analysis

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For cell surface expression analysis, cells were incubated with antibodies for 1 h and washed twice with cold PBS. For total expression, cells were fixed (4% paraformaldehyde-PBS, 15 min) and permeabilized (iced-cold methanol, 10 min) prior incubation with antibodies. APC-APLNR, and isotype control Ig (R&D systems) antibodies were used.
Analysis of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was performed using the ALDEFLUOR™ assay kit (Stem Cell Technologies). Briefly, cells were incubated with ALDEFLUOR alone or in combination with an ALDH activity inhibitor (DAEB) at 37°C for 45 min. This flow cytometry-based staining allows monitoring ALDH activity in stem, progenitor and cancer precursor cells. The ALDH activity is considered positive in comparison to cells incubated with DEAB reagent.
Flow cytometry analyses were performed on Accuri C6 and FACsCalibur (BD Biosciences, Cytocell) and processed using CFlow plus or FlowJo software (BD Biosciences).
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2

Apoptosis Detection by Flow Cytometry

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Apoptosis was detected by an Accuri C6 flow cytometer (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) after staining with Annexin V-Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Apoptosis Detection Kit I (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Fifty thousand cells were cultured for 24 hours and treated with different doses of TAX and DSNs (0–100 nM) for 24 or 48 hours. Cells were stained with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide; the percentage of apoptotic cells was quantified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. At least 20,000 cells were analyzed for each sample; CFlow Plus (BD) was used to analyze the results.
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3

Immunophenotyping of Leukocytes by Flow Cytometry

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Within three hours from sampling, 100 µL of blood was transferred into 1.5 mL tubes. Labeling of cells was made with the following antibodies from BD Biosciences (Stockholm, Sweden): APC mouse anti-human CD11b, PE mouse anti-human CD87, APC mouse anti-human CD14 and APC mouse-anti human CD3. Corresponding isotype antibodies were used as negative controls. The tubes were incubated at room temperature for 30 min and erythrocytes were lysed using 1 mL FACS Lysing Solution (BD Biosciences, Stockholm, Sweden) for 30 s at room temperature. The cells were then washed with 1 mL PBS (Life Technologies Europe BV, Stockholm, Sweden) with 1% BSA (Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden). The tubes were centrifuged at 1000×g for five minutes and the supernatant was discarded and the washing procedure was repeated once more. Finally, the cells were resuspended in 0.5 mL CellFIX (BD Biosciences, Stockholm, Sweden) and protected from light before flow cytometric analysis.
The flow cytometric analysis was performed on an Accuri C6 (BD Biosciences, Stockholm, Sweden) with the associated software CFlow Plus (BD Biosciences, Stockholm, Sweden). For each sample, data were collected from 25,000 cells in the total leukocyte gate.
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4

Quantifying Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species

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Aminophenyl fluorescein (APF; Goryo Chemical, Sapporo, Japan) was used to quantify ROS generation. First, 1 mg of APF powder was dissolved in 0.47 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to prepare the solution with a final concentration of 5 mM. The reagent was diluted to 5 μM by PBS (Phosphate buffered saline) or serum-free medium before adding to the cells. After the addition of APF, the cells were incubated in dark for 15 min, and then the fluorescence emission was measured at 515 nm post excitation at 490 nm. The extent of APF fluorescence was quantified by using Accuri CFlow@ and CFlow Plus software (BD Biosciences) [41 (link)]. The fluorescence shift percentage was normalized to the Ctrl (5.5 mM) group.
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5

Detecting DNA Damage in H. pylori

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To detect DNA damage in H. pylori [44 (link)], a TransDetect In Situ Fluorescein TUNEL Cell Apoptosis Detection Kit (Transgen Biotech, Beijing, China) was employed. Accuri C6 (BD, Franklin Lakes, Germany) flow cytometer and LSM510 confocal (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) were used to detect the fluorescence signal changes. All flow cytometry data were collected using the Accuri C6 software. At least 10,000 cells were collected and analyzed for each sample. Flow data were processed and analyzed with CFlow Plus (BD, Franklin Lakes, Germany).
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6

CFSE Cell Proliferation Assay

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Cells for labeling were resuspended in PBS and immediately mixed with an equal volume of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) diluted in PBS (1:1). The cells were incubated for 5 minutes at room temperature with repeated mixing to obtain even CFSE labeling of all cells. The labeling was stopped by adding an equal volume of complete RPMI medium and removal of the solution from the cells by centrifugation. The cells were plated in round-bottomed 96-well cell culture plates at concentrations of 1 × 106 cells per well and restimulated with Aβ42 peptide, anti-CD3, or ConA for 6 days. After being harvested, cells were resuspended in fluorescence-activated cell sorting buffer (PBS/1% bovine serum albumin/0.1% NaN3) and stained with an allophycocyanin-labeled mouse antihuman CD4 antibody or phycoerythrin-cyanine 7-conjugated mouse antihuman CD8 antibody (Tonbo Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA). Fluorescence of the cells was measured using a BD Accuri C6 Plus flow cytometer and analyzed with CFlow Plus (BD Biosciences).
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7

Quantification of Neutrophil Subsets by Flow Cytometry

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Cells harvested after stipulated culture period were stained with fixable Live/Dead dye (Thermo Fisher Scientific; #L10120; MA, USA) for 15 min at 4°C in a 96 well plate. Cells were washed twice and blocked with unlabeled anti-CD16/32 (Fc-block; BD Biosciences). After blocking, cells were stained with pre-titrated fluorescently labeled antibodies (Ly6G, CD11b and CXCR2; Supplementary Table 1) in FACS buffer (2% fetal bovine serum in PBS) for 30 min at 4°C. Cells were washed to remove excess antibodies and suspended in FACS buffer. Flow cytometry was performed on a BD FACS Accuri C6 flow (BD Biosciences) cytometer equipped with CFlow Plus (BD Biosciences) software and analyzed using FlowJo (Treestar). Gating was performed based on fluorescence-minus one (FMO) controls (Supplementary Figure 5).
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8

Quantifying GFP-positive cells by flow cytometry

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The HT1080 containing HAC/dGFP cells were grown for 96 h after transfection, harvested by trypsin-treatment, and resuspended in PBS containing 3 µM DRAQ7. Flow cytometry was performed on an BD Accuri C6. All samples were vortexed immediately before flow cytometry examination. Fluorescence of GFP-positive cells was measured by the 488 nm laser and detected at 510 nm. The dead cells were counted by DRAQ7 fluorescence excited by the 640 nm laser and detected at 722 nm. Samples were acquired in at least three separate triplicates for 30 sec or 1 × 104 events (at minimum). Flow cytometry analysis was primarily performed using C-Flow Plus (BD Biosciences).
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9

Fibrinogen Binding Assay for Platelets

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To measure fibrinogen binding, 3 × 108  mL−1 washed mouse platelets in modified Tyrode’s buffer containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) were preincubated with scrambled peptide HLPN or MB2mP6 HLPN (20 μM) for 10 minutes. Oregon Green-conjugated fibrinogen (10 μg mL-1, Molecular Probes) was then added, and the platelets were stimulated with 500 μM PAR4AP. After 30 minutes, the reaction was diluted with PBS containing 1% BSA. Platelet-bound fibrinogen was detected by flow cytometry using an Accuri C6 flow cytometry with CFlow Plus software (version 1.0.227.4) (BD Biosciences). Gating strategy used for flow cytometry analysis is shown in Supplementary Fig. 9.
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10

Examining Leukocyte Activation via Flow Cytometry

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The activation state of leukocytes was examined using flow cytometry, as described before.43, 44 Briefly, whole blood from e‐cigarette– and clean air–exposed mice (unstimulated samples) was incubated with either FITC‐conjugated anti‐CD45 or phycoerythrin‐conjugated anti‐CD69 for 20 minutes at room temperature in the dark. The reaction was stopped by adding BD FACSTM lysing solution (1:10 in phosphate‐buffered saline), and the samples were kept at room temperature for 15 minutes in the dark. Next, the samples were washed with 1X phosphate‐buffered saline, before being fixed with 1% formaldehyde for 15 minutes. Samples were transferred to FACS tubes, and fluorescent intensities were measured using a BD Accuri C6 flow cytometer and analyzed using CFlow Plus (BD Biosciences).
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