Cunninghamella blakesleeana DSM1906, C. echinulata DSM1905, and C. elegans DSM1908 were acquired from DSMZ German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH and used for the present research. Rat liver microsomes were purchased from Sigma (Arklow, Ireland). The pyrethroid insecticides, transfluthrin (PESTANAL®) and β-cyfluthrin (PESTANAL®) were obtained from Sigma (Arklow, Ireland) and used for biotransformation studies. The culturing media, reagents and solvents used in the study were of analytical and molecular grade and purchased from Sigma (Arklow, Ireland) and Merck (USA), include Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), dimethylformamide (DMF), methanol d4, ethyl acetate, N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), and NADPH tetrasodium salt.
Transfluthrin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Transfluthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that acts as an insecticide and acaricide. Transfluthrin is commonly used in research and development settings to study the effects of insecticides and acaricides on target organisms.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Permethrin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pestanal, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sabouraud dextrose broth (sdb), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
β cyfluthrin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sabouraud dextrose agar, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethylformamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol d4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Filter paper, by Cytiva (1 mentions)
2 undecanone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using transfluthrin
1
Biotransformation of Pyrethroid Insecticides by Cunninghamella Strains
2
Repellent Compound Efficacy Evaluation
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DEET (98.5%), permethrin (>95%), transfluthrin (99.6%) and the solvent acetone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Switzerland). The concentration ranges tested were based on the results obtained with Ae. aegypti by Jiang et al. (2019 (link)). DEET was tested at 1, 10, 50 and 100 μg/cm2, permethrin at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10 μg/cm2 and transfluthrin at 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 μg/cm2. Fifty μl of the corresponding stock solutions was applied to a filter paper (2.5 cm diameter, Whatman) which was dried in a fume hood for 15 min. Disks were stored separately in aluminium foil at 4 °C (max. 1 h) until use.
3
Tick Species Survival Evaluation
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Ixodesscapularis, A. americanum and D. variabilis larvae, nymphs and adults were purchased from the Tick Rearing Facility, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, USA. Transfluthrin and permethrin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Treated and untreated PIRK was provided by study partner, Widder Brothers, Inc.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorinated Pyridinyl Amides
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The DEET (97%), 2-undecanone (99%), transfluthrin (> 99%) (TF, Fig. 1 ), and acetone (> 99%) used were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). The 1R-trans-permethrinic acid, which we previously denoted (Yang et al., 2020b (link)) as transfluthrin acid (TFA, Fig. 1 ) had > 95% purity and was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, Texas, USA). The two experimental pyridinyl amides, N-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanamide (1 , Fig. 1 ) and N-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutanamide (2 , Fig. 1 ) were synthesized using methods similar to those described by Tsikolia et al. (2013) (link) and Richoux et al. (2020) (link).
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