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7 protocols using capsaicin

1

Lidocaine and Retigabine Preparation

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Preservative-free 2 % lidocaine (31802232) was purchased from Tianjin Shuicheng Pharmaceutical limited by share Ltd, China, while Penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from TransGen Biotech, China. DMEM/F12, DMEM, horse serum, and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco. DMSO, Retigabine, NaCl, CsF, CsCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, KCl, Glucose, HEPES, EGTA, and KF were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, whereas Capsaicin was purchased from MedchemExpress, China. Stock solutions of lidocaine or Retigabine were diluted or dissolved in DMSO to prepare a 100 mM storage solution, and an extracellular gradient dilution solution was used to obtain the detection concentration for the experiment. A stock solution of Capsaicin was also dissolved in DMSO to prepare a 300 μM storage solution and extracellular gradient dilution was used to obtain the detection concentration for the experiment.
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2

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model and TRPV1 Modulation

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C57BL/6 mice (male, 22–25 g) were purchased from Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology (Beijing, China). The procedures involved in mice were conformed to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health on the care and use of laboratory animals and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Shandong First Medical University.
SAH model was constructed via endovascular perforation as the previous study [28 (link)]. Briefly, the mice were anesthetized using 5% isoflurane, and then the anesthesia was maintained at 2% isoflurane during the entirety of the experiment, the nylon suture was passed through the external carotid artery to the bifurcation of the anterior and middle artery and ultimately punctured to cause blood to flow into the subarachnoid space.
Mice were injected with 30 mg/kg capsazepine (CPZ, MedChemExpress, Cat#HY-15640) subcutaneously or 10 mg/kg capsaicin (CAP, MedChemExpress, Cat# HY-10448) intraperitoneally post-modeling to inhibit or active TRPV1 [26 (link), 29 (link)], respectively. MCC950 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY-12815) (40 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected post-modeling and 12 h later [8 (link)]. The drugs above were all purchased from MedChemExpress (NJ, USA).
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3

Potent Compound Characterization Protocol

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Piperine, capsaicin and capsazepine at > 98% purity were purchased from MedChem Express (China). Stock solutions of Piperine, capsaicin and capsazepine were prepared in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) at 100 mM concentration and were diluted to working concentrations as needed. The maximum DMSO concentration used in working solutions was 0.1% which was shown in control experiments to have negligible effects (data not shown).
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4

Signaling Pathway Activation Assay

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Capsaicin and ionomycin were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE), 2-APB, AITC and CFA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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5

TRPV4-Mediated Inflammation Regulation

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All salts were supplied by Sangon Biotech. Glucose, caffeine, carbachol, and indomethacin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Capsaicin, ouabain, SB705498, RN1734, RN1747, U73343, HC067047, GSK1016790A, methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, AA, miconazole, and nystatin were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE; Monmouth Junction). DSS was from MP Biomedicals (MP Bio). U73122 was from Tocris Bioscience (Tocris). Amiloride hydrochloride was from Molecular Probes, Inc (Molecular Probes). TNF-α and Fura-2/AM (Cat# F1221, Invitrogen) was from Invitrogen. TRPV4 (Abcam Cat# ab39260, RRID: AB_1143677), alpha 1 Sodium Potassium ATPase (phospho Y10) (Abcam Cat# ab124677, RRID: AB_10974461), Alexa Fluor 488 labeled anti-rabbit (Abcam Cat# ab150077, RRID: AB_2630356) antibodies, and MPO Assay Kit were from Abcam. Anti-GAPDH (Proteintech Cat# 60004-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2107436) was from Proteintech.
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6

Hyperoxia effects on A549 cells

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Human alveolar A549 cells were purchased from Haixing Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (cat. no. TCH-C116). Cells were cultured in DMEM-HIGH Glucose medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (AusGeneX Pty Ltd.), 100 U/ml penicillin and 0.1 mg/ml streptomycin (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology). The cells were plated in 6- or 96-well plates for subsequent experiments. When the cell confluence reached 50–60%, the cells were treated with 10 nM CGRP (cat. no. HY-P1548A; MedChemExpress) or 1 µM capsaicin (cat. no. HY-10448; MedChemExpress), and then stimulated with hyperoxia. Cells were pretreated with CGRP8-37 (cat. no. HY-P1014), SB-705498 (cat. no. HY-10633), BAPTA-AM (cat. no. HY-100545), U-73122 (cat. no. HY-13419), U-73343 (cat. no. HY-108630), or Go6976 (cat. no. HY-10183; all from MedChemExpress) for 2 h before CGRP treatment. Hyperoxia exposure was defined as cells cultured in a closed oxygen chamber (Billups-Rothenberg, Inc.) supplied with 95 O2 and 5% CO2 for 24 h (31 (link)). The cells of the control group were cultured under normal air conditions. All cells were cultured at a constant temperature of 37°C and supplied with 5% CO2.
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7

Capsaicin-Induced Apoptosis Regulation

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Capsaicin was purchased from MedChemexpress (Cat. No.: HY-10448; Purity: 99.01%; Manmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). Annexin V-APC/7-AAD apoptosis detection kit was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA). TUNEL assay kit was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The primary antibodies against FBI-1 and GAPDH were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). The primary antibodies against Ki-67, Bcl-2, Bax and Lamin B were obtained from Wanlei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shenyang, China). The primary antibodies against cleaved-Caspase 3, Survivin and NF-κB p65 were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody was obtained from EarthOx Life Sciences (Millbrae, CA, USA).
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