Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were obtained using an electron microscope ULTRA 55 (Zeiss) equipped with a thermal field emission emitter and three different detectors (Energy selective Backscattered Detector with filter grid, high efficiency In-lens Secondary Electron Detector and Everhart-Thornley Secondary Electron Detector). UV-Vis absorption spectra were recorded using a PerkinElmer Lambda UV-Vis 950 spectrophotometer. The wavelength range was 600-1100 nm. The photothermal properties were assessed using a 980 nmcontinuous wave laser (Gbox model, Fournier Medical Solution) with an output light at 980 nm at various power densities. This laser was injected into a lens and placed at 10.5 cm from the bottom of the wells. The resulting beam divergence allowed to illuminate uniformly a surface of 1 cm 2 . The temperature changes on the surface of the patch were captured by an infrared camera (FLIR A655sc) and treated using FLIR ResearchIR Max software; the readings corresponded to thermal sensors integrated to the backside of the patches.
Lambda uv vis 950
Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in France
The Lambda UV-Vis 950 is a high-performance spectrophotometer designed for ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy applications. It provides accurate and reliable measurement of the absorbance or transmittance of samples across a wide range of wavelengths.
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4 protocols using lambda uv vis 950
1
Photothermal Properties of Nanomaterials
2
Multimodal Characterization of Nanomaterials
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Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): SEM images were obtained using an electron microscope ULTRA 55 (Zeiss, France) equipped with a thermal field emission emitter and three different detectors (EsB detector with filter grid, high efficiency In-lens SE detector and Everhart-Thornley Secondary Electron Detector).
UV/Vis measurements: Absorption spectra were recorded using a Perkin Elmer Lambda UV-Vis 950 spectrophotometer in a 1-cm quartz cuvette. The wavelength range was 200-1100 nm.
SPR instrumentation: The surface plasmon resonance instrument used was an Autolab ESPRIT instrument (Eco Chemie, Utrecht, The Netherlands) working at 670 nm (Kooyman et al., 1991; Wink et al., 1998) .
Profilometry: An optical profilometer (Zygo NewView 6000 Optical Profilometer with MetroPro software) with 1 nm height resolution was used for thickness measurements.
UV/Vis measurements: Absorption spectra were recorded using a Perkin Elmer Lambda UV-Vis 950 spectrophotometer in a 1-cm quartz cuvette. The wavelength range was 200-1100 nm.
SPR instrumentation: The surface plasmon resonance instrument used was an Autolab ESPRIT instrument (Eco Chemie, Utrecht, The Netherlands) working at 670 nm (Kooyman et al., 1991; Wink et al., 1998) .
Profilometry: An optical profilometer (Zygo NewView 6000 Optical Profilometer with MetroPro software) with 1 nm height resolution was used for thickness measurements.
3
Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B
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The adsorption and photodegradation performances of as-prepared samples were evaluated by observing their abilities to adsorb (in dark) and degrade (under light irradiation) the Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The UV-light source was a 500 W long arc Hg lamp equipped with a filter which only allows UV-light through. The photocatalytic experiments were carried out by a reactor equipped with a cooling water cycle system, which can simultaneously conduct six parallel reactions. In a typical photocatalytic test, the catalyst (50 mg) was dispersed in a 50 mL aqueous solution of RhB dye (10–20 mg L−1) with different pH (3–11), then the mixed suspensions were magnetically stirred in the dark at room temperature for 1 h to establish adsorption-desorption equilibrium. After light irradiation, adequate volume of the suspension were extracted and centrifuged at an interval of 15/20 minutes for analysis. Note that the pH of the mixed solution was adjusted using KOH and HCl aqueous solution with the aid of a pH meter (Mettler-Toledo). The adsorption and photocatalysis efficiency were investigated by measuring the change in intensity of the characteristic absorbance of RhB dye using spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer UV/VIS Lambda 950).
4
Comprehensive Characterization of Powder Samples
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The crystal phase structures of all samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Cu K α, D8 Advance, Bruker). Raman scattering experiments were carried out by a micro-Raman spectrometer (Jobin-Yvon LabRAM HR 800UV). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of the powder samples were measured by a surface area analyzer (TriStar II 3020), and the pore-size distribution curves were obtained using Barrett-Joiner-Halenda (BJH) model. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of samples were performed in a TGA/DSC 1 STARe System (Mettler-Toledo) from 40 °C to 900 °C with a heating rate of 15 °C min−1. The surface morphologies of powder samples were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEI Quanta 400 FEG). Ultraviolet-visible light diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-VIS DRS) were recorded by a double beam infrared-ultraviolet spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer UV/VIS Lambda 950) equipped with an integrating sphere assembly.
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