Axs d8 x raypowder diffractometer

To inspect
the crystallographic structures of the patterns, a Bruker AXS D8 X-ray
powder diffractometer with a simple cubic lattice and CU Kα
radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm) was used, and the scan range (2θ)
changing 5–90° was implemented. Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR, Spectrum Two, PerkinElmer, USA) was applied to
probe the structure and chemical bonds of the molecule. The Raman
spectrum was investigated using a Raman microscope (Alpha 300 M+,
WITec, Germany). The morphology of the patterns was screened using
a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Gemini 550)
and a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM, Gemini 550).
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda
methods were used to analyze the pore size distribution, total pore
volume (TPV), and the specific surface area (SSA) of the patterns.

Sample mineralogy was determined on a Bruker AXS D8 X-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker Corporation, Madrid, Spain) fitted with a 3 kW (Cu Kα) copper anode and a wolfram cathode X-ray generator. The scans were recorded between 2θ angles of 5° to 60° at a rate of 2°/min. The voltage generator tube operated at a standard 40 kV and 30 mA [34 (link)].
The materials were characterised on a Thermo Scientific Nicolet 600 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Thermo Scientific Corporation, Madrid, Spain) featuring a spectral resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ across a range of 4000–500 cm⁻¹ [34 (link)].
The Hitachi S4800 electron microscope that was used to study the morphology of the 180 days blended cements exposed to the aggressive medium was coupled to a Bruker Nano XFlash 5030 silicon drift detector (Micromeritics Instrument Corp., Aachen, Germany) for EDX determination of the chemical composition of the samples [34 (link)].
Porosity was quantified on a Micromeritics Autopore IV 9500 mercury porosimeter (Norcross, GA, United States) designed to measure pore diameters of 0.006 µm to 175 μm and operate at pressures of up to 33,000 psi (227.5 MPa) [35 ].
Mechanical strength was found on an Ibertest Autotest 200/10-SW test frame that was fitted with an adapter for 1 × 1 × 6 cm³ specimens [34 (link)].