Lung tissue sections from IPF patients were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. The tissue was cut into 4mm-thick slices, and the sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated in increasing concentrations of ethanol. The sections were treated with 1.4% H 2 O 2 -methanol for 30 min to block endogenous peroxidase, and non-specific binding was next blocked by incubation in 1.5% normal house serum. The sections were incubated with a monoclonal
anti-alpha smooth muscle actin antibody (1:50, Abcam, Cambridge, MA) and polyclonal
anti-S100A4 antibody (1:50, Abcam), followed by the
ABC Kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). Color was developed using a Liquid DAB Substrate Kit (Golden Bridge International, Inc., Mukilteo, WA) and counterstained with
Harris' hematoxylin (Muto Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
Lee J.U., Chang H.S., Shim E.Y., Park J.S., Koh E.S., Shin H.K., Park J.S, & Park C.S. (2020). The S100 calcium-binding protein A4 level is elevated in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respiratory medicine, 171.