Pna n5244a

Manufactured by Agilent Technologies

Sourced in United States

The PNA N5244A is a microwave network analyzer from Agilent Technologies. It is designed to measure the electrical characteristics of devices under test, such as their scattering parameters, at frequencies up to 43.5 GHz.

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Lab products found in correlation

S 4800, by Hitachi (3 mentions) D8 advance, by Bruker (2 mentions) Invia 2000 raman microscope, by Renishaw (2 mentions) Labram hr, by Horiba (1 mentions) Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Model su 70, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Jem f200, by Hitachi (1 mentions) D8 advance x ray diffractometer, by Bruker (1 mentions) Labram hr evolution, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Ht7700, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Jsm 7500f, by JEOL (1 mentions) Asap 2460, by Micrometrics (1 mentions) Asap 2010, by Micromeritics (1 mentions) Tecnai g2 f20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Su800, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Jem 2100f, by JEOL (1 mentions) Jsm 7100f, by JEOL (1 mentions) Invia micro raman spectroscopy system, by Renishaw (1 mentions) Jsm 2010, by JEOL (1 mentions) Invia basis raman spectrometer, by Renishaw (1 mentions)

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N5244A PNA-X (2 citations)

16 protocols using pna n5244a

Comprehensive Material Characterization Protocol

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The crystalline structure was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD; DMAX-2500PC). The micromorphology was obtained by using the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; Hitachi Model SU-70) coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS; X-max), and the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM; JEM-F200). The contents of carbon were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA; HCT-1). The Raman spectra were obtained through a Raman spectrometer (Horiba LabRAM HR). N₂ absorption–desorption isotherms were recorded by a chemisorption analyzer (Quantachrome Autosorb IQ). The specific surface area and pore-size distribution were calculated by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller model and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method, respectively. The surface electronic properties were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; Thermo ESCALAB 250XI). The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were recorded by a FT-IR spectrometer (VERTEX-70). The conductive properties were recorded by Hall Effect Measurement System (Ecopia HMS-5000). The electromagnetic parameters in the 2.0 − 18.0 GHz were measured by a vector network analyzer (VNA; Agilent PNA N5244A).

Qiao J., Zhang X., Liu C., Lyu L., Yang Y., Wang Z., Wu L., Liu W., Wang F, & Liu J. (2021). Non-Magnetic Bimetallic MOF-Derived Porous Carbon-Wrapped TiO2/ZrTiO4 Composites for Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption. Nano-Micro Letters, 13, 75.

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Characterization of Electromagnetic Composite Materials

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The morphology and microstructure were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Hitachi S4800) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Tecnai G2F30 S-TWIN). The composition and phase of the as-prepared samples were obtained by a Bruker D8 ADVANCE X-ray diffractometer (XRD) using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5604 Å). Electromagnetic parameters were successfully obtained by an Agilent PNA N5244A vector network analyzer (VNA). The coaxial rings (φ_out of 7.00 mm and φ_in of 3.04 mm) for testing were prepared by mixing 55 wt % CNAT power with 45 wt % paraffin wax matrix. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM, Lakeshore, Model 7400 series) was used to form the hysteresis loops of the specimens at an external magnetic field of 10,000 Oe.

Gu W., Chen J., Zhao Y., Wang G., Wang F., Zhang T, & Zhang B. (2020). Extending effective microwave absorbing bandwidth of CoNi bimetallic alloy derived from binary hydroxides. Scientific Reports, 10, 16044.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Aerogel Samples

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The microstructure and composition of as-prepared samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku Co., Tokyo, Japan), Raman spectroscopy (LabRam HR Evolution) with a 532 nm laser, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Scientific K-Alpha, Waltham, MA, USA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Zeiss HD, Jena, Germany) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) system, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, FEL F20, Lincoln, NE, USA). Electromagnetic parameters were tested by an Agilent PNA-N5244A vector network analyzer (Santa Rosa, CA, USA). The aerogel samples were infiltrated in molten paraffin wax and cut into a standard annulus specimen (Φ_in: 3.04 mm, Φ_out: 7.00 mm).

Yu W., Liu B, & Zhao X. (2022). Ultralight MOF-Derived Ni3S2@N, S-Codoped Graphene Aerogels for High-Performance Microwave Absorption. Nanomaterials, 12(4), 655.

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Electromagnetic Absorption Evaluation of CNT, CuHHTP, and CNT-CuHHTP Composites

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First, CNT, CuHHTP, and CNT‐CuHHTP were uniformly mixing with paraffin matrix according to a same mass fraction of 40%, respectively. And compacted the mixtures into columnar ring of with a 7.00‐mm outer diameter and a 3.04‐mm inner diameter. These columnar rings were measured the electromagnetic parameters using a vector network analyzer (Agilent PNA‐N5244A, USA). The MV absorption performances of CNT, CuHHTP, and CNT‐CuHHTP were evaluated by calculating the RL based on the transmission line theory.

z_{in} = z_{0} \sqrt{\frac{μ_{r}}{ε_{r}}} \tanh [j (\frac{2 f π t}{c})] \sqrt{μ_{r} ε_{r}}

RL = 20 \log |\frac{z_{in} - z_{o}}{z_{in} + z_{0}}|

where Z_in is the input impedance at the absorber surface, Z₀ is the impedance of the air, f is the MV frequency, t is the thickness of the absorber, and c is the velocity of light in free space.
The attenuation constant α was calculated as the following Equation (4):

\begin{matrix} α & = & \frac{\sqrt{2} π f}{c} \\ \times \sqrt{(μ^{''} ε^{''} - μ^{'} ε^{'}) + \sqrt{{(μ^{''} ε^{''} - μ^{'} ε^{'})}^{2} + {(μ^{'} ε^{''} + μ^{''} ε^{'})}^{2}}} \end{matrix}

Qiao Y., Wu S., Zheng Y., Wang C., Li Z., Zhang Y., Zhu S., Jiang H., Cui Z, & Liu X. (2023). Enhancing Microwave Dynamic Effects via Surface States of Ultrasmall 2D MOF Triggered by Interface Confinement for Antibiotics‐Free Therapy. Advanced Science, 10(21), 2300084.

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Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness Analysis

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Electromagnetic parameters including scattering parameters (S11 and S21) and complex permeability and permittivity were measured using an advanced vector network analyzer (VNA, Agilent PNA N5244A) with internal setup of the formula calculation procedure. Based on the waveguide method, integral foam prototypes with the dimension of 22.86 × 10.16 × 5 mm³ were used to test S parameters for further calculating EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and transmission (T), reflection (R), and absorption (A) coefficients in X band. Due to excellent electrical conductivity of PPM, paraffin needed to be added to optimize impedance matching performance, so complex permeability and permittivity were tested using the PPM/paraffin composite form. Based on the coaxial‐line method, 80 wt% intact foam prototypes cut with the column of 7.00 × 3.04 × 2.00 mm³ (outer diameter × inner diameter × thickness) were mixed with 20 wt% paraffin to obtain typical toroidal rings.

Gu W., Ong S.J., Shen Y., Guo W., Fang Y., Ji G, & Xu Z.J. (2022). A Lightweight, Elastic, and Thermally Insulating Stealth Foam With High Infrared‐Radar Compatibility. Advanced Science, 9(35), 2204165.

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Measuring Complex Permeability and Permittivity of rC Aerogels

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The EM parameters of complex permeability (

μ_{r} = μ^{'} - j μ^{″}

) and complex permittivity (

ε_{r} = ε^{'} - j ε^{″}

) were measured by the vector network analyzer (VNA, Agilent PNA N5244A) adopting the coaxial line method. The rC aerogels (6 wt%) were mixed with 94 wt% paraffin, and RC aerogels (1 and 2 wt%) respectively mixed with 99 and 98 wt% paraffin, and then pressed into a toroidal ring of the inner diameter of 3.04 mm and out diameter of 7.00 mm.

Wu Y., Zhao Y., Zhou M., Tan S., Peymanfar R., Aslibeiki B, & Ji G. (2022). Ultrabroad Microwave Absorption Ability and Infrared Stealth Property of Nano-Micro CuS@rGO Lightweight Aerogels. Nano-Micro Letters, 14, 171.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Carbon Materials

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The morphologies and size of the samples were analyzed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM; JEOL JSM-7500F) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM; Hitachi HT7700). The crystal structures of the samples were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD; UItima IV, 40 kV, 150 mA, Cu Kα radiation). The structural characteristics of carbon materials were characterized by a Raman spectrometer (LabRAM ARAMIS; λ = 514 nm). The element compositions and chemical binding states of the samples were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; Thermo ESCALAB 250XI). The pore size distribution of the samples was measured using a specific surface area and pore structure analyzer (Micrometrics ASAP 2460) and analyzed by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The magnetic properties of the samples were tested by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM; Lakeshore, model 7404 series). The electromagnetic parameters were measured by a vector network analyzer (PNA-N5244A; Agilent coaxial method) in the range of 1–18 GHz. The preparation process of coaxial rings for electromagnetic parameter measurement is shown in Fig. S1.

Wang S., Xu Y., Fu R., Zhu H., Jiao Q., Feng T., Feng C., Shi D., Li H, & Zhao Y. (2019). Rational Construction of Hierarchically Porous Fe–Co/N-Doped Carbon/rGO Composites for Broadband Microwave Absorption. Nano-Micro Letters, 11, 76.

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Characterization of Toroidal Magnetic Materials

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XRD testing was implemented using a Bruker D8 ADVANCE diffractometer to identify the phase structure of specimens. The sample’s microstructure was observed by a Hitachi S4800 field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Raman spectrum was collected via a Renishaw inVia 2000 Raman microscope. The special surface area and pore size was identified by the Nitrogen isothermal adsorption-desorption analyzer (Micromeritics ASAP 2010). The EM parameters were tested by vector network analyzer (Agilent PNA N5244A). The toroidal ring samples were prepared by mixing paraffin with as-prepared powders (10 wt %) and then pressed into a mold with φ_out of 7.00 mm and φ_in of 3.04 mm.

Zhang Z., Zhao H., Gu W., Yang L, & Zhang B. (2019). A biomass derived porous carbon for broadband and lightweight microwave absorption. Scientific Reports, 9, 18617.

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Morphology Characterization and Microwave Absorption of MCHMs

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The morphology of samples was investigated by a Hitachi SU800 type scanning electron microscope and an FEI Tecnai G2 F20 transmission electron microscopy. The average diameter of the samples was calculated from SEM micrographs using Nano measure software. The automatic specific surface area analyzer (ASAP 2460) was applied to ascertain the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface areas and the pore diameter distribution. And the pore diameter distribution of the samples was calculated by the BJH method. The phase structure of MCHMs was ascertained by a Rigaku D/MAX 2500 V X-ray diffractometer with a scanning scope of 10–90°. The degree of graphitization about the carbon of the samples was ascertained by the Raman spectrum (Renishaw inVia). The microwave absorption of samples was tested by testing the electromagnetic parameters with the Agilent PNA N5244A vector network analyzer under the coaxial-line method with the frequency ranges from 2 GHz to 18 GHz. To avoid agglomeration, MCHMs and paraffin wax were added to a solution of hexane with ultrasonic dispersion. The MCHMs were blended with paraffin wax (MCHMs:paraffin wax = 1 : 9) to form a coaxial ring (F_in¼ = 3.04 mm, F_out¼ = 7.0 mm).

Qin Y., Wang M., Gao W, & Liang S. (2021). Rationally designed structure of mesoporous carbon hollow microspheres to acquire excellent microwave absorption performance. RSC Advances, 11(24), 14787-14795.

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Coaxial Ring Sample Microwave Scanning

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A coaxial ring sample was prepared by mixing the sample with paraffin wax at a ratio of 2:3, and then scanned it using a microwave vector network analyzer (PNA‐N5244A; Agilent Technologies, USA) in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz.

Li Y., Wu S., Zheng Y., Li Z., Cui Z., Jiang H., Zhu S, & Liu X. (2023). Interlayer Electrons Polarization of Asymmetric Metal Nanoclusters/g‐C3N4 for Enhanced Microwave Therapy of Pneumonia. Advanced Science, 10(21), 2301817.

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