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51 protocols using live dead fixable yellow dead cell stain

1

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells

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Spleen cell suspensions prepared from immunized mice were adjusted to 1 × 106 cells/mL and incubated with LIVE/DEAD® Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain (Life Technologies / Thermo Fisher) diluted 1:1000 in PBS for 30 min at 4 °C. After washing with PBS, cells were incubated with APC-labeled H2-Db dextramers (Immudex, Copenhagen, Denmark) loaded with NY-BR-11241-1249 or with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 16 E749–57, diluted as indicated in 60 μL FACS buffer for 30 min at room temperature in the dark. Fluorochrome-labeled antibodies against CD3 (clone 17A2), CD8 (clone 53–6.7), CD4 (clone GK1.5) CD14 (clone Sa14–2) (all purchased from Biolegend, San Diego, CA), and the respective isotype controls were diluted 1:50 in 60 μL FACS buffer and added to the cells without washing off the dextramers so that the final dilution of the antibodies was 100-fold. Cells were incubated with the antibody mix at 4 °C for 30 min. The cells were then washed and analyzed by flow cytometry for viable CD3+CD14CD8+ dextramer+ cells.
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2

Multiparametric Phenotyping of T Cell Subsets

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To define the memory vs. naïve subsets, the following antibodies were used: SP34–2 (CD3; Alexa700, BD Biosciences), L200 (CD4; AmCyan, BD Bioscienes), SK-1 (CD8; PerCP-cy-5.5, BD Biosciences), MAB11 (TNFα; FITC, eBioscience), B27 (IFNγ; APC, BD Pharmingen), FN50 (CD69; PE, BD Biosciences), CD28.2 (CD28; PE-TexasRed, BD Biosciences), 150503 (CCR7; R&D Systems), and SA (PacBlue, BD Biosciences). CCR7 was biotinylated using the EZ-link Malemide-PEO Solid Phase Biotinylation kit from Fisher Scientific, as per manufacturer instructions. For cell recognition and T cell response assays, the following antibodies were used: anti-CD3 (clone: SP34–2, Pacific Blue; BD Biosciences), anti-CD8 (clone: SK1, TruRed; BD Biosciences), anti-CD4 (clone: L200, PE-Cy7, BV395; BD Biosciences), anti-CD28 (clone: CD28.2, PE; BD Biosciences), anti-CD95 (clone: DX2, FITC; BD Biosciences), anti-CD69 (clone: FN50, ECD, Biolegend), anti-CCR7 (clone: 150503, Pacific Blue, R&D Systems), anti-IFNγ (clone: B27, FITC; BD Biosciences), anti-TNFα (clone: MAb11, Alexa 700; BD Biosciences), and LIVE/DEAD Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain (Life Technologies) was used to assess cell viability.
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3

Identifying Immune Cells via Dextramers

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Fc receptors on PBMCs or splenocytes (0.5–1 × 106) were blocked by incubating with a human FcR blocking reagent (Miltenyi Biotec, Woking, UK, Catalogue number 130-059-901) or a murine CD16/CD32 mAb (BioLegend, London, UK clone 93) for 15 min at 4 °C, after which they were incubated with 16–32 × 10−9 M of the appropriate MHC class I Dextramer™ (Immudex, Copenhagen, Denmark) for 10 min at 4 °C in the dark. PBMCs were then incubated with human mAbs for CD8, CD3, and CD19 (Table A2) and splenocytes with murine mAbs for CD8, CD3, PD-1, Tim-3, and LAG-3 for 30 min at 4 °C in the dark. LIVE/DEAD™ Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain (Life Technologies, ThermoFisher Scientific, Paisley, UK) identified viable cells. Samples were acquired and analyzed as described in Section 2.3.
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4

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry of Immune Cells

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Fluorochrome-conjugated anti-mouse or -human monoclonal antibodies included anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD25RO, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR, CD127, CCR6, CCR7, Ki-67, Foxp3, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-17A, XBP-1s, and phosphorylated STAT3 Y705 (Supplemental Table 1). Live/Dead Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain (Life Technologies) was used to determine viability. Live events were acquired on a FACSCanto (FlowJo software, ver. 7.6.4).
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5

Comprehensive Immune Cell Profiling

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Fluorochrome-conjugated mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies included anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD39, CD127, CTLA4, Foxp3, LAG3, pSTAT3 Y705, pSTAT5 Y694, and pH3Ser10 (BD Biosciences, eBioscience, and Cell Signaling Technology). LIVE/DEAD Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain (Life Technologies) was used to determine viability. Live events were acquired on a FACSCanto or LSR II Flow Cytometer (FlowJo software, version 7.6.4; Tree Star).
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6

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping

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The following conjugated antibodies were used in these studies: a) from BD Biosciences, SP34-2 (CD3; PacBlu, Alexa700), SK1 (CD8a; TruRed, AmCyan), 25723.11 (IFN-γ; APC), MAb11 (TNF; FITC, Alexa700), DX2 (CD95; FITC), 28.2 (CD28; PE), 2H7 (CD20; APC-H7), RPA-T8 (CD8; PacBlu), L200 (CD4; PerCP-Cy5.5), 3G8 (CD16; FITC), b) from Biolegend, W6/32 (pan-MHC-I; PerCP-Cy5.5), OKT-4 (CD4; PE-Cy7), c) from Miltenyi Biotec, M-T466 (CD4; APC), d) from eBiosciences, M1-14D12 (mouse IgG1; PE-Cy7), e) from Life Technologies, Goat-Anti-Mouse (H+L) F(ab′)2 fragment (APC), f) from Beckman Coulter, RMO52 (CD14; ECD), and g) from the Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, Mamu-A1*001:01-PE (cat. no. PR-1102). The following unconjugated antibodies were used in these studies: a) from Advanced BioScience Laboratories, 4324 (SIV Gag p27), conjugated in-house to FITC using FluoReporter FITC Protein Labeling Kit (Invitrogen), b) 4D12 (HLA-E), grown and purified in-house, and c) W6/32 (pan-MHC-I), grown and purified in-house. Live/dead Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain (Life Technologies) was used to assess cell viability.
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7

Multi-parameter Immune Cell Profiling

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CD44‐Brilliant Violet 711 (BioLegend, Cat.# 103057, clone: IM7, 1:80), CD8a‐FITC (BioLegend, Cat.# 100706, clone: 53‐6.7, 1:50), CD62L‐PE (BioLegend, Cat.# 104407, clone: MEL‐14, 1:80), CX3CR1‐PE/Cyanine 7 (BioLegend, Cat.# 149015, clone: SA011F11, 1:1333), CD107b‐Alexa Fluor 647 (BioLegend, Cat.# 108512, clone: M3/84, 1:200), CD3‐APC/Cyanine7 (BioLegend, Cat.# 100222, clone: 17A2, 1:80), and LIVE/DEAD Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat.# L34967, 1:7500).
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8

Characterization of Tfh Cell Cytokines

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Sorted tonsil or FL R5-PD-1dim and GC-Tfh were cultured for 3 days in 10% FCS-RPMI 1640 with pre-seeded TSCs or FRCLs (5:1 ratio) in presence of anti-CD3 (0.2 ug/ml) and anti-CD28 (0.2 ug/ml) stimulating antibodies. After 3 days, a restimulation step was done with 100 ng/ml phorbol myristate acetate and 750 ng/ml ionomycin for 6 h, supplemented with GolgiPlug (Becton Dickinson) for the last 4 h. For inhibition experiments, Notch chemical inhibitor L685,458 (Sigma Aldrich) or blocking antibodies (bAbs) (Supplemental Table 1) were used. The percentage of singlet viable T cells producing IL-4, IL-21, and IFN-γ was determined by staining with live/dead fixable yellow dead cell stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and CD2, followed by fixation in paraformaldehyde 4% for 15min, permeabilization with saponin 0.5%, and staining for intracellular cytokines.
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9

Flow Cytometry Characterization of Immune Cells

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MHC Class II‐VioBlue (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat.# 130‐112‐237, clone: REA813, 1:50), CD206 (mannose receptor)‐Brilliant Violet 711 (BioLegend, Cat.# 141727, clone: C068C2, 1:40), CD11b‐Vio Bright FITC (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat.# 130‐113‐805, clone: REA592, 1:50), CD45‐PerCP‐Vio 700 (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat.# 130‐110‐663/130‐110‐801, clone: REA737, 1:50), F4/80‐PE‐Vio 770 (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat.# 130‐118‐459, clone: REA126, 1:50), Gr1‐APC (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat.# 130‐112‐307, clone: REA810, 1:50), and LIVE/DEAD Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat.# L34967, 1:1000).
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10

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Analysis of T-Cell Subsets

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FOXP3‐eFluor 450 (eBioscience, Cat.# 48‐5773‐82, clone: FJK‐16s, 1:333), CD95 (Fas)‐Brilliant Violet 605 (BioLegend, Cat.# 152612, clone: SA367H8, 1:80), CD185 (CXCR5)‐Brilliant Violet 711 (BioLegend, Cat.# 145529, clone: L138D7, 1:40), CD4‐PerCP/Cyanine5.5 (BioLegend, Cat.# 100434, clone: GK1.5, 1:80), CD279 (PD‐1)‐PE (BioLegend, Cat.# 135206, clone: 29F.1A12, 1:20), CD25‐PE/Cy5 (BioLegend, Cat.# 102010, clone: PC61, 1:80), GL7‐eFluor 660 (eBioscience, Cat.# 50‐5902‐82, clone: GL7, 1:80), CD19‐APC/Cyanine7 (BioLegend, Cat.# 115530, clone: 6D5, 1:20), and LIVE/DEAD Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat.# L34967, 1:7500).
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