For the synthesis of star-like graft copolymers with a Dextran core and a grafted Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) arm, we used Dextrans (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) with the characteristics given by the manufacturer of Mw = 6 × 103 and Mw = 70 × 103 (designated as D6 and D70 throughout) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) from Merck. Cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate from Merck was an initiator of the radical grafted polymerization. Monomer NIPAM was twice recrystallized from hexane and dried under vacuum for 24 h at room temperature. The number of grafts per Dextran backbone was determined by the molar ratio of the NIPAM monomer to cerium ions, and it was equal to 15. The amount of monomer NIPAM was the same for both grafting processes to D6 and D70. The synthesized samples were marked as D6-g-PNIPAM and D70-g-PNIPAM.
N isopropylacrylamide
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Italy
N-isopropylacrylamide is a water-soluble monomer used in the synthesis of polymers. It exhibits temperature-responsive properties, undergoing a phase transition at around 32°C. This characteristic makes it a useful component in various applications involving temperature-sensitive materials.
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Lab products found in correlation
N n methylenebisacrylamide, by Merck Group (47 mentions)
Ammonium persulfate, by Merck Group (23 mentions)
Acrylic acid, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
N hydroxysuccinimide, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Acrylamide, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Methacrylic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
N n n n tetramethylethylenediamine, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Azobisisobutyronitrile, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Allylamine, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
α bromoisobutyryl bromide, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Trifluoroacetic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
117 protocols using n isopropylacrylamide
1
Synthesis of Star-like Graft Copolymers with Dextran Core
2
NIPAM-Based Hydrogel Characterization
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N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM; #731129), acrylamide (AAm; #A9099), allylamine hydrochloride (AH; #735132), N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (BIS; #M1533), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS; #436143), ammonium persulfate (APS; #A3678), N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TEMED; #T9281), FITC-conjugated PNA from Arachis hypogaea (PNA; #L7381), poly-L-lysine (#P4707), DMEM F-12 Ham (#D6421), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; #H1009), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (#M5655) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; #276855) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Fluorescent dyes Alexa Fluor 488 (#A20000), Alexa Fluor 594 (#A20004), Hoechst 33342 (#H3570) and secondary antibody (#A21244) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Native mouse NGF 2.5 S protein (NGF; #N-100) was acquired from Alomone labs (Jerusalem, Israel). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM; #21969), horse serum (HS; #16050), fetal bovine serum (FBS; #10270), penicillin/streptomycin (Pen Strep; #15140), GlutaMAX™ (#35050) and L-Glutamine (#25030) were purchased from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). OCT embedding compound for cryostat (#05-9801) was acquired from Bio-Optica (Milano, Italy). Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was purchased from Murty Pharmaceuticals (Lexington, KY, USA). Cleaved caspase-3 primary antibody (#9661) was acquired from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).
3
Biofunctional Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
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Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (≥ 99%), sodium acetate (NaOAc, anhydrous), ethylene glycol (≥ 99%), aminopropyl trimethoxy silane (APTMS, 97%), N-tert-butylacrylamide (TBAM, 97%), N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM, 97%), and ammonium persulfate (APS, ≥ 98%) were purchased from Merck. Sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC) was purchased from Thermo Fisher. N,N-methylene bis(acrylamide) (BIS, ≥ 99%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. N-(3-Aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA) was purchased from Polysciences Inc. N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) was purchased from FluoroChem. All chemicals were used without purification.
The designed Rgp and Kgp epitopes (> 95%) were purchased from Lifetein (USA). Bacterial culture supernatants E8, K1A, and W50-d were grown at and provided by the Section of Oral Biology and Pathology at Malmö University. The monomer FITC-acrylamide was prepared in-house.
The designed Rgp and Kgp epitopes (> 95%) were purchased from Lifetein (USA). Bacterial culture supernatants E8, K1A, and W50-d were grown at and provided by the Section of Oral Biology and Pathology at Malmö University. The monomer FITC-acrylamide was prepared in-house.
4
Polyester Fabric Functionalization Protocol
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All experiments were carried out using polyester fabrics (wfk-Testgewebe GmbH, Brüggen-Bracht, Germany) with a surface weight of 170 g/m2 and yarn count of 295/295 dtex. The PET fabrics were extracted with Ethanol-water (1:1) and then with petroleum ether to remove all possible contaminations. Allyl amine (ALAm, 98%), N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm, 99%), acrylic acid (AAc, 99%), N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAm, 99%), and [2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SBMA, 95%) were obtained from Merck (USA, Sigma-Aldrich formerly). The inhibitor hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) and possible oligomers content were removed from the monomers solutions before the polymerization, using an inhibitor remover purchased from Merck (USA). Ethanol (99% denatured with 1% methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) Technical grade) was purchased from AppliChem GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany). Water was deionized using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA).
5
Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Nanocomposites
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N-Isopropylacrylamide (Aldrich, 97%), (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) (Aldrich 99%), αbromoisobutyryl bromide (Aldrich, 98%), N,N´-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) (Aldrich, 99%), N,N,N´,N´,N´´-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA) (Aldrich, 99%), CuCl (Aldrich, 99.999%), CuCl2 (Aldrich, 99%), phosphoric acid (Aldrich, 85 wt. % in H2O), HCl (Aldrich, 37 % in H2O), Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with oleic acid (NGAP NP FeO-2205, concentration 100 mg/mL).
6
Hydrogel Synthesis and Characterization
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N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA), N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), ammonium persulfate (APS), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), gallic acid (GA), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), dimethylformamide (DMF), triethylamine (TEA), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), chloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and D2O were purchased from Aldrich. All chemicals were used as received, except for NIPA, which was recrystallized from the toluene-hexane mixture (90:10 v/v). All solutions were prepared using high purity water obtained from a Hydrolab purification system (water conductivity: 0.05 μS·cm−1).
7
Stimuli-Responsive Doxorubicin Delivery
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Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 99%), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%), N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm, 97%), acrylamide (AAm, 98%), 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS, 98%) azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 98%), and doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox), tetrahydrofuron (THF, 99%), toluene (98%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 98%), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3, 98%) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co., Saint Louis, MO, USA. All the chemicals were used as received. Human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 (Korea cell line bank, Seoul, Republic of Korea), were purchased and used for this study.
8
Synthesis of Functional Polymers
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Acrylonitrile (AN), methacrylic acid (MAA), and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) were purchased from Aldrich (MO, USA) and distilled over CaH2 under reduced pressure. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was recrystallized in methanol. THF was purchased from Burdick & Jackson (MI, USA). The HPLC-grade n-hexane and ethyl ether were purchased from Samchun (Pyeongtaek, Korea) and used as received.
9
Synthesis and Characterization of Type Ib NDs
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Type Ib NDs (500 NV per particle, diameter ~90 nm as indicated by the sample label and Z-average diameter ~200 nm from DLS measurement, amphoteric surface groups, 1 mg ml−1 in DI H2O) were purchased from Adámas Nanotechnologies. Potassium persulfate (KPS, ≥99.0%), methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA, 99%), fluorescein sodium salt (FSS), and potassium bromide (KBr, ≥99%, FTIR grade) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich without further purification. MPS (98%), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM, 97%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, ≥99.0%), tungstophosphoric acid (TPA, 99.995%), Igepal CO-520 (average Mn = 441 g mol−1) and polyethylenimine (PEI, 50 wt% solution in water, Mw = 1300 g mol−1) were all purchased from Aldrich without further purification. Ammonia solution (NH3H2O, 28–30%) was purchased from Merck. Nickel acetylacetonate (Ni(acac)2, 95%), oleylamine (OA, 80–90%) and trioctylphosphine (TOP, 90%) were all purchased from Aladdin without further purification. FBS was purchased from Thermo Fisher (Gibco) without further treatment.
10
Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Nanocomposites
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The N-isopropylacrylamide was purchased from Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, purified with hexane, and dried under vacuum before use. N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), acrylic acid (Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), ammonium persulfate (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), CTAB (Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), AgNO3 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), ascorbic acid (Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and HAuCl4 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were all used as-received. Milli Q water was used in all reactions solution preparations.
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