Multihance 0.5 mmol ml

All gadolinium-enhanced CMR exams were performed using a 3.0 T scanner (Skyra; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) with a cardiac phased-array coil. Retrospective ECG-gated cine images were performed using the steady-state free-precession (SSFP) sequence to obtain cine images on the short axis, two-chamber long axis, three-chamber long axis, and four-chamber long axis. The parameters were as follows: 241 mm × 300 mm FOV, 6–8 mm slice thickness, 0 mm slice gap, 44.46 ms repetition time, 1.5 ms echo time, and 60° flip angle. Gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance 0.5 mmol/mL; Bracco, Milan, Italy) was injected intravenously with a flow rate of 2.5–3.0 mL/s and a dose of 0.1–0.2 mL per kg of body weight. At the same time, a 20–25 mL saline flush was injected at a 3.0 mL/s flow rate. 10–15 min after the contrast injection, LGE images were obtained using the inversion recovery MOCO sequence. The parameters were as follows: 340 mm × 360 mm FOV, 8 mm slice thickness, 684.00 ms repetition time, 1.04 ms echo time, and 55° flip angle.

All participants underwent CMR examination using a 3.0T whole-body scanner (MAGNETOM Skyra; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) in the supine position. Continuous data acquisition was performed during the end-inspiratory breath-holding period using the manufacturer’s standard ECG-triggering device which monitored dynamic changes in each subject’s ECG findings. A balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence (TR/TE 3.4/1.2 ms, field of view 340 × 280.5 mm, flip angle 38°, slice thickness 8 mm, and matrix size 192 × 162) was performed to obtain a stack of contiguous cine images covering the whole LV from the base to the apex in the short-axis slices, as well as the four-, three-, and two-chamber in the long-axis views. Subsequently, a dose of 0.2 mL/kg body weight gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance 0.5 mmol/mL; Bracco, Milan, Italy) was intravenously injected at a flow rate of 2.5–3.0 mL/s, then a 20-mL saline flush immediately was injected at a rate of 3.0 mL/s. Segmented − turbo − FLASH − phase − sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) sequence (TR/TE 598 /3.31 ms, field of view 340 × 255 mm, flip angle 40°, slice thickness 8 mm, and matrix size 256 × 162) was used to acquire LGE images after 10–15 min of contrast administration.

Standard gadolinium-enhanced CMR scanning was performed by a 3.0-T whole-body scanner (Skyra; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) with a two-element cardiac phased-array coil and ECG-triggering device. After acquiring localization images, 8–12 continuous short-axis cine images that covered the whole left ventricle were obtained by steady-state free-precession sequence. All cine images were acquired at end-expiration. Gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance 0.5 mmol/mL; Bracco, Milan, Italy) was injected intravenously at a dose of 0.1–0.2 mL/kg body weight and a flow rate of 2.5–3.0 mL/s after a 20–25 mL saline flush at a rate of 3.0 mL/s. LGE images were obtained using the inversion recovery TrueFISP sequence 10–15 min after contrast injection.