Saccharin and quinine hemisulfate were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO). Denatonium benzoate was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA). Lithium chloride was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA).
Quinine hemisulfate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Quinine hemisulfate is a salt compound used in laboratory settings. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and exhibits specific chemical properties. Quinine hemisulfate serves as a reference standard or calibration material for various analytical techniques, but its detailed applications and intended uses are not provided in this unbiased, factual description.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Potassium hexacyanoferrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Chloramine t, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Potassium acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Xylenol orange, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Thiobarbituric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Saccharin sodium salt dihydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Saccharin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mefloquine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Primaquine phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pyronaridine tetraphosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Praziquantel, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Artesunate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
14 protocols using quinine hemisulfate
1
Taste Receptor Compound Sourcing
2
Antimalarial Compounds Preparation Protocol
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Artesunate, mefloquine hydrochloride, amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate, chloroquine diphosphate, primaquine phosphate, quinine hemisulfate, atovaquone, methylene blue, pyronaridine tetraphosphate, doxycycline hyclate, clindamycin and praziquantel were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ferroquine was obtained from Sanofi-Synthelabo, proguanil and cycloguanil from Jacobus Pharmaceutical Company, tigecycline from Wyeth, and mirincamycin hydrochloride enantiomers from Maldevco [45 (link)]. All compounds were dissolved in sterile DMSO except for quinine for which methanol was used and pure M199 medium (without additives) was used to dissolve proguanil, cycloguanil, clindamycin, and pyronaridine. The stock concentration was 50 mM for Artesunate, amodiaquine, chloroquine, atovaquone, quinine, and primaquine, and 100 mM for praziquantel, proguanil, cycloguanil, methylene blue, pyronaridine, clindamycin, doxycycline, and mirincamycin enantiomers, respectively. Mefloquine was dissolved to 24 mM and Ferroquine to 12.5 mM. All stocks were freshly prepared for the study and stored at -20°C. Maximum concentration of the solvent (DMSO, methanol) in the in vitro assays did not exceed 0.8% and did not interfere with parasite viability.
3
Antioxidant Assays and Phytochemicals
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Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, 2,2-diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-di-(3-Ethylbenzthiazoline Sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Potassium hexacyanoferrate, thiobarbituric acid, xylenol orange, quinine hemisulfate and chloramine-T were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic acid (glacial) and formic acid were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Phytochemical standards, including quercetin, gallic acid, catechin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
4
Genotyping Taar1 Gene in Mice
5
Lipid Peroxidation Quantification
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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and glacial acetic acid were purchased from Merk KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), and D-Sorbitol, xylenol orange, potassium hexacyano ferrate, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), quinine hemisulfate, gallic acid, and chloramine-T were obtained by purchasing from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
6
Fentanyl and Quinine Preparation Methods
7
Ethanol, Taste, and Conditioned Place Preference
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Ethanol solutions (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%; v/v) were prepared from absolute ethyl alcohol (Panreac Quimica SAU, Barcelona, Spain) and diluted using tap water. For taste sensitivity, saccharin sodium salt dihydrate (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08%; w/v) and quinine hemisulfate (10, 20, 40, and 80 μM; w/v) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp (St Louis, MO, USA) and were dissolved in tap water. For the CPP experiments, 1.5 g/kg ethanol was diluted in isotonic saline (0.9% sodium chloride) (10%; v/v). The specific uPA inhibitor B428 was provided by Dr Bruce A Littlefield of Eisai, Inc., Andover, MA, USA, and was dissolved in isotonic saline and administered by intraperitoneal injection (IP) at a volume of 10 mL/kg. For ethanol, saccharin, and quinine intake, vehicle or B428 were injected daily 30 minutes before the lights were switched off. However, for the CPP experiments, vehicle or B428 were administered 15 minutes before saline or ethanol, during conditioning sessions.
8
Antioxidant Assay Reagent Procurement
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Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, 2,2-diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,20-Azino-di-(3-Ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS), potassium hexacyanoferrate, thiobarbituric acid, glacial acetic acid, formic acid, and standard chemicals for calibration (including gallic acid, quercetin, tannic acid, tetramethoxypropane, chloramine-T, and quinine hemisulfate) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
9
Drosophila Reward-Punishment Learning Assay
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Feeding-stage, third instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae five days after egg laying from Canton-S wild-type were used. The larvae were maintained on standard fly food at 25°C, 60% relative humidity, in a 12 h light–dark cycle. The experiments used Petri dishes of an inner diameter of 9 and 15 cm for training and test, respectively, which were prefilled with 1% agarose (electrophoresis grade; Roth) and stored at 4°C until used. 2 mol/L fructose (FRU; CAS: 57-48-7; purity 99%; Roth) or 5 mmol/L quinine hemisulfate (QUI; CAS: 6119-70-6; Sigma-Aldrich) were added to the agarose as reward and punishment, respectively. Please note that the terms “reward” and “punishment” are frequently used in Drosophila learning and memory literature instead of the Pavlovian terminology of “appetitive unconditioned stimulus” and “aversive unconditioned stimulus,” respectively.
As odor, n-amyl acetate (AM; CAS: 628-63-7; Merck) was diluted 1:20 in paraffin oil (CAS: 8012-95-1; Sigma-Aldrich) and presented in custom-made Teflon containers (5 mm diameter), covered by perforated lids.
As odor, n-amyl acetate (AM; CAS: 628-63-7; Merck) was diluted 1:20 in paraffin oil (CAS: 8012-95-1; Sigma-Aldrich) and presented in custom-made Teflon containers (5 mm diameter), covered by perforated lids.
10
Quinine-Adulterated Ethanol Aversion
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Consumption and preference of quinine-adulterated ethanol over water in a two-bottle choice home cage assay was measured to evaluate aversion-resistant ethanol drinking behavior. Mice received 4 h of access to two bottles, one containing 20% ethanol adulterated with 100 μM (Days 1 and 2) or 250 μM (Day 3) quinine hemisulfate (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and the other containing water. Bottle placement was pseudorandom and switched daily, and consumption and preference were measured as described for mDID.
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